糖皮質激素
別名: Prednisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone, Methylprednisolone, Kenalog, Recicort
藥物類別: Corticosteroid
> **極度重要警告：** 除非獸醫師特別指示，否則絕對不要突然停藥。您的寵物在服藥期間身體會停止自行製造類固醇，突然停藥可能會引發危及生命的危機。 * **預期變化：** 寵物（尤其是狗）在服藥期間喝水量增加、排尿頻繁和食慾大增是非常常見的。請確保牠們隨時有乾淨的飲水，並增加帶牠們上廁所的頻率。 * **喘氣：** 狗狗可能會過度喘氣；這是一個常見的副作用。 * **行為改變：** 有些寵物可能會變得昏昏欲睡、抑鬱或異常易怒。 * **何時該聯繫獸醫師：** 如果您發現寵物嚴重嘔吐、排出黑色/柏油狀糞便（胃潰瘍的徵兆）、極度虛弱，或者口渴/排尿增加的情況變得難以控制，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Anti-inflammatory (Prednisolone equivalent)
- Immunosuppressive (Prednisolone equivalent)
- Anti-inflammatory (Prednisolone equivalent)
- Immunosuppressive (Prednisolone equivalent)
給藥方式
POIVIMSCTopicalOphthalmicIntra-articularIntra-lesionalIntralesionaltopicalinhaled
可能的副作用
- Polyuria (PU), polydipsia (PD), and polyphagia (PP)
- Weight gain and fat redistribution
- Panting (especially in dogs)
- Dull, dry haircoat and alopecia
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Gastrointestinal ulceration
- Elevated liver enzymes (ALP > ALT) and vacuolar hepatopathy (dogs)
- Pancreatitis
- Insulin resistance leading to or worsening diabetes mellitus
- Muscle wasting and weakness
- Behavioral changes (depression, lethargy, viciousness)
- Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome) with chronic use
- Laminitis (horses)
- Hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) suppression
- Adrenal atrophy
- Weight loss (catabolic effect)
- Cutaneous atrophy
- Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Increased urine glucose levels
- Decreased serum T3 and T4 values
- Impaired wound healing
- Delayed recovery from infections
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Alopecia
- Muscle weakness
- Panting
- Lethargy
- Obesity
- Diabetes mellitus
- Thromboembolic disease
- Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD)
- Polyphagia
- Muscle atrophy and weakness
- Alopecia and thin skin
- Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome)
- Insulin resistance and secondary diabetes mellitus
- Immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to infections
- Hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzymes (steroid hepatopathy in dogs)
注意事項與禁忌
- Systemic fungal infections (unless used for physiologic replacement)
- Intramuscular administration in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia
- Known hypersensitivity to the specific compound
- Chronic use of sustained-release injectables for systemic diseases
- Concurrent use with NSAIDs (relative contraindication due to severe GI ulcer risk)
- Pregnant animals
- Renal disease (systemic use)
- Diabetes mellitus (systemic use)
- Systemic fungal infections
- Corneal ulcers
- Concurrent use of NSAIDs
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- Late pregnancy (may induce abortion or parturition)
- Animals receiving systemic glucocorticoids (other than short-term 'burst' therapy) MUST be tapered off the drugs slowly to allow endogenous ACTH and corticosteroid function to return. Abrupt withdrawal can precipitate a life-threatening Addisonian crisis. During periods of stress (e.g., surgery, trauma, severe illness) during the tapering process, additional glucocorticoids should be administered. Use with caution in young, growing animals as it can retard bone growth.
藥物相互作用
- Amphotericin B: May cause hypokalemia when administered concomitantly
- Anticholinesterase agents (e.g., pyridostigmine): May lead to profound muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis patients; discontinue 24h prior if possible
- Aspirin (salicylates): Glucocorticoids may reduce salicylate blood levels; increased risk of GI ulceration
- Cyclophosphamide: Glucocorticoids may inhibit hepatic metabolism of cyclophosphamide
- Cyclosporine: May mutually inhibit hepatic metabolism, increasing blood levels of both drugs
- Digoxin: Increased risk for arrhythmias secondary to glucocorticoid-induced hypokalemia
- Diuretics (potassium-depleting, e.g., furosemide): May cause additive hypokalemia
- Ephedrine: May increase glucocorticoid metabolism
- Estrogens: May potentiate the effects of hydrocortisone and possibly other glucocorticoids
- Insulin: Insulin requirements may increase due to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance
- Ketoconazole: May decrease glucocorticoid metabolism
- Mitotane: May alter steroid metabolism; higher steroid doses may be necessary to treat mitotane-induced adrenal insufficiency
- NSAIDs: Significantly increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration
- Phenobarbital: May increase the metabolism of glucocorticoids
- Phenytoin: May increase the metabolism of glucocorticoids
- Rifampin: May increase the metabolism of glucocorticoids
- Vaccines: Live attenuated vaccines should be avoided due to augmented virus replication; diminished immune response to all vaccines may occur
- Potassium-depleting diuretics (e.g., furosemide, thiazides): Hypokalaemia may develop
- Antifungals (e.g., itraconazole): Decreased metabolism of corticosteroids
- NSAIDs (e.g., Meloxicam, Carprofen): Significantly increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and perforation.
- Furosemide: Increased risk of hypokalemia due to additive potassium-wasting effects.
常見問題
糖皮質激素用於寵物有什麼用途？
> 極度重要警告： 除非獸醫師特別指示，否則絕對不要突然停藥。您的寵物在服藥期間身體會停止自行製造類固醇，突然停藥可能會引發危及生命的危機。 • 預期變化： 寵物（尤其是狗）在服藥期間喝水量增加、排尿頻繁和食慾大增是非常常見的。請確保牠們隨時有乾淨的飲水，並增加帶牠們上廁所的頻率。 • 喘氣： 狗狗可能會過度喘氣；這是一個常見的副作用。 • 行為改變： 有些寵物可能會變得昏昏欲睡、抑鬱或異常易怒。 • 何時該聯繫獸醫師： 如果您發現寵物嚴重嘔吐、排出黑色/柏油狀糞便（胃潰瘍的徵兆）、極度虛弱，或者口渴/排尿增加的情況變得難以控制，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
糖皮質激素對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。