糖皮質激素
別名: Prednisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone, Methylprednisolone, Kenalog, Recicort
> **極度重要警告：** 除非獸醫師特別指示，否則絕對不要突然停藥。您的寵物在服藥期間身體會停止自行製造類固醇，突然停藥可能會引發危及生命的危機。 * **預期變化：** 寵物（尤其是狗）在服藥期間喝水量增加、排尿頻繁和食慾大增是非常常見的。請確保牠們隨時有乾淨的飲水，並增加帶牠們上廁所的頻率。 * **喘氣：** 狗狗可能會過度喘氣；這是一個常見的副作用。 * **行為改變：** 有些寵物可能會變得昏昏欲睡、抑鬱或異常易怒。 * **何時該聯繫獸醫師：** 如果您發現寵物嚴重嘔吐、排出黑色/柏油狀糞便（胃潰瘍的徵兆）、極度虛弱，或者口渴/排尿增加的情況變得難以控制，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Anti-inflammatory (Prednisolone equivalent)
- Immunosuppressive (Prednisolone equivalent)
- Anti-inflammatory (Prednisolone equivalent)
- Immunosuppressive (Prednisolone equivalent)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Polyuria (PU), polydipsia (PD), and polyphagia (PP)
- Weight gain and fat redistribution
- Panting (especially in dogs)
- Dull, dry haircoat and alopecia
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Gastrointestinal ulceration
- Elevated liver enzymes (ALP > ALT) and vacuolar hepatopathy (dogs)
- Pancreatitis
- Insulin resistance leading to or worsening diabetes mellitus
- Muscle wasting and weakness
- Behavioral changes (depression, lethargy, viciousness)
- Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome) with chronic use
- Laminitis (horses)
注意事項與禁忌
- Systemic fungal infections (unless used for physiologic replacement)
- Intramuscular administration in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia
- Known hypersensitivity to the specific compound
- Chronic use of sustained-release injectables for systemic diseases
- Concurrent use with NSAIDs (relative contraindication due to severe GI ulcer risk)
- Pregnant animals
- Renal disease (systemic use)
- Diabetes mellitus (systemic use)
- Systemic fungal infections
- Corneal ulcers
- Concurrent use of NSAIDs
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- Late pregnancy (may induce abortion or parturition)
藥物相互作用
- Amphotericin B: May cause hypokalemia when administered concomitantly
- Anticholinesterase agents (e.g., pyridostigmine): May lead to profound muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis patients; discontinue 24h prior if possible
- Aspirin (salicylates): Glucocorticoids may reduce salicylate blood levels; increased risk of GI ulceration
- Cyclophosphamide: Glucocorticoids may inhibit hepatic metabolism of cyclophosphamide
- Cyclosporine: May mutually inhibit hepatic metabolism, increasing blood levels of both drugs
- Digoxin: Increased risk for arrhythmias secondary to glucocorticoid-induced hypokalemia
- Diuretics (potassium-depleting, e.g., furosemide): May cause additive hypokalemia
- Ephedrine: May increase glucocorticoid metabolism
- Estrogens: May potentiate the effects of hydrocortisone and possibly other glucocorticoids
- Insulin: Insulin requirements may increase due to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance
- Ketoconazole: May decrease glucocorticoid metabolism
常見問題
糖皮質激素用於寵物有什麼用途？
> **極度重要警告：** 除非獸醫師特別指示，否則絕對不要突然停藥。您的寵物在服藥期間身體會停止自行製造類固醇，突然停藥可能會引發危及生命的危機。 * **預期變化：** 寵物（尤其是狗）在服藥期間喝水量增加、排尿頻繁和食慾大增是非常常見的。請確保牠們隨時有乾淨的飲水，並增加帶牠們上廁所的頻率。 * **喘氣：** 狗狗可能會過度喘氣；這是一個常見的副作用。 * **行為改變：** 有些寵物可能會變得昏昏欲睡、抑鬱或異常易怒。 * **何時該聯繫獸醫師：** 如果您發現寵物嚴重嘔吐、排出黑色/柏油狀糞便（胃潰瘍的徵兆）、極度虛弱，或者口渴/排尿增加的情況變得難以控制，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
糖皮質激素對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。