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Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia

Også kendt som: Elevated blood calcium, High calcium

CatDogHastighed: High

Kort sagt

Hypercalcemia is an abnormally high level of calcium in a dog or cat's blood. This metabolic condition can cause severe damage to the kidneys, heart, and nervous system. Learn about the symptoms, underlying causes, diagnostic tests, and treatment options.

A healthy dog and cat sitting together, representing species affected by hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia can affect both dogs and cats, requiring prompt veterinary diagnosis.

TL;DR. Hyperkalcæmi er farligt forhøjet blodkalcium, der uden behandling kan skade nyrer, hjerte og nervesystem.

Hyperkalcæmi rammer hund og kat og kræver tidlig diagnose.

Hvad er det?

Kalcium styrer nerver, muskel (inkl. hjerte), koagulation og knogle. Overskud kaldes hyperkalcæmi og er ofte tegn på underliggende sygdom. Nyre- og nerveskade mulig.

"The consequences of hypercalcemia can be severe and affect multiple body systems including the central nervous syst"

Årsager og risikofaktorer

Tumorer (lymfom, analsækadenokarcinom), primær hyperparatyreoidisme, nyresygdom, vitamin D-toksicitet, Addison, idiopatisk hos kat. Risiko: Keeshond, Siamese cats.

Tegn

Polydipsi/polyuri, dehydrering, anoreksi, letargi, opkast; af og til obstipation, rysten, arytmier; sjældent kramper.

A dog standing near a water bowl, illustrating increased thirst.
Øget tørst og urin er klassiske tidlige tegn.

"Bradycardia may be detected on physical examination, and electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring may reveal a prolonged PR interval, widened QRS complex, shortened QT interval, shortened or absent ST segment, and a widened T wave. Bradyarrhythmias may progress to complete heart block, asystole, and cardiac arrest in severely affected animals."

Diagnose

Ioniseret kalcium [GULD], totalkalcium, PTH/PTHrP, urin og nyrefunktion.

"Prolonged hypercalcemia, especially in conjunction with concurrent high-normal to increased serum phosphorus concentration, can also cause nephrocalcinosis and exacerbate renal insufficiency and azotemia. Determining whether the renal failure is primary or secondary in a dog with hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and azotemia poses an interesting diagnostic challenge..."

A veterinary technician preparing a blood sample for analysis.
Ioniseret kalcium er guldstandarden.

Behandling

Årsag plus støtte ved alvorlige tegn eller meget høje værdier.

"Medical therapy should be directed at eradicating the underlying cause of the hypercalcemia. Supportive therapy to decrease the serum calcium concentration to less toxic levels is indicated if clinical signs are severe, if serum calcium concentration is greater than 17 mg/dL (dog) or 16 mg/dL (cat), if serum ionized calcium is greater than 1. 8 mmol/L (dog) or 1. 7 mmol/L (cat)..."

Sodium Chloride IV; Furosemide efter hydrering; Glucocorticoids; alvorlige: Calcitonin Salmon.

Prognose

Afhænger af årsagen. Godartet biskjoldbruskkirtel opereret: ofte fremragende. Aggressiv kræft: reserveret.

Forebyggelse

Undgå vitamin D-toksiner; prøver i risikoracer.

Hvornår ringe dyrlæge

Mere tørst/urin: konsultation. Akut: kramper, ekstrem svaghed, ukontrollable opkast, bradykardi, kollaps.

For specifikke racer

Keeshond: arvelig primær hyperparatyreoidisme. Siameser: højere risiko for hyperkalcæmi.

Kilder

  • Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, pages 313, 314.
  • Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 920, 922.

My highlights & notes

Tegn og symptomer

Racer med højere risiko

Hvordan det diagnosticeres

  • Ionized calcium measurementGuldstandard
  • Serum PTH concentration
  • Serum PTHrP concentration
  • Total serum calcium measurement

Behandlingsmetoder

Behandling skal ordineres af en autoriseret dyrlæge. Specifikke doser vises bevidst ikke.

Ofte stillede spørgsmål

What is Hypercalcemia?

Hypercalcemia is an abnormally high level of calcium in a dog or cat's blood. This metabolic condition can cause severe damage to the kidneys, heart, and nervous system. Learn about the symptoms, underlying causes, diagnostic tests, and treatment options.

What are the symptoms of Hypercalcemia?

Loss of appetite、Dehydration、Lethargy、Muscle weakness、Polydipsia、Excessive urination、Vomiting (throwing up)、Constipation

How is Hypercalcemia diagnosed?

Ionized calcium measurement、Serum PTH concentration、Serum PTHrP concentration、Total serum calcium measurement

How is Hypercalcemia treated?

Behandling skal ordineres af en autoriseret dyrlæge. Specifikke doser vises bevidst ikke.

Kilder

  1. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 313
  2. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 314
  3. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 922
  4. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 920

Artiklen er generel oplysning og erstatter ikke dyrlægeråd. Hvis dyret er sygt, kontakt en dyrlæge.

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