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Hemangiosarcoma

Juga dikenal sebagai: HSA, Canine hemangiosarcoma

Ditinjau dokter hewanCatDogUrgensi: EmergencySeberapa umum: Uncommon

Singkatnya

Hemangiosarcoma is a highly aggressive, malignant cancer of the blood vessels that commonly affects the spleen, heart, or skin in dogs and cats. Recognizing the signs of internal bleeding and understanding your diagnostic and treatment options can help you make informed decisions for your pet.

A senior Golden Retriever resting quietly on a rug.
Hemangiosarcoma often presents with subtle signs of lethargy or weakness before a sudden crisis occurs.

TL;DR. Kanker pembuluh darah yang sangat agresif, terutama pada anjing: perdarahan internal, kelemahan mendadak, darurat. Metastasis dini.

Sering dimulai dengan lesu atau kelemahan sebelum krisis akut.

Apa itu?

Tumor ganas sel endotel. Membentuk pembuluh rapuh yang mudah pecah. Limpa paling sering; juga atrium kanan, subkutan, hati. Lebih sering pada anjing; kucing juga. Metastasis sering sangat dini.

"Approximately 50% of the tumors originate in the spleen, 25% in the right atrium, 13% in subcutaneous tissue, 5% in the liver, 5% in the liver-spleen-right atrium, and 1% to 2% simultaneously in other organs (i. e. , kidney, urinary bladder, bone, tongue, prostate)."

Penyebab dan faktor risiko

Penyebab bentuk internal tidak diketahui; multifaktor, genetik utama. Tidak ada bukti diet, gaya hidup, atau vaksin rutin. Bentuk kulit: UV pada anjing berbulu pendek dan kulit cerah. Usia paruh baya hingga tua.

"Solar damage may be involved in the development of tumors on the ventral glabrous skin in short-coated, lightly pigmented dogs (especially Whippets, Italian Greyhounds, Beagles, Great Danes, and English bulldogs), and on the head and ears"

Tanda yang perlu diwaspadai

Kardinal

  • Anemia

Umum

  • Kelemahan atau lesu; perdarahan spontan; hemoabdomen; kolaps akut; trombositopenia

Sesekali

  • Tamponade jantung; aritmia ventrikel; distensi abdomen; alopesia atau ulserasi (kulit)

Close-up of a dog's pale gums.
Gusi pucat atau putih menandakan anemia berat dan perdarahan internal.

Pola klasik: kelemahan naik-turun (kolaps, pulih singkat, ruptur lagi).

Diagnosis

  • CBC/smear: anemia, skistosit, akantosit; sering trombositopenia/DIC
  • USG abdomen: massa limpa/hati, cairan bebas
  • Rontgen toraks 3 arah: metastasis paru
  • Ekokardiografi: atrium kanan, efusi perikardium
  • Histopatologi (biopsi): standar emas; FNA sering tidak diagnostik

"Most dogs with HSAs (83%) evaluated at the author's clinic are anemic; more than one half had RBC fragmentation and acanthocytosis. The pretreatment hemostasis profiles are normal in less than 20% of the dogs; most dogs (75%) have thrombocytopenia. Approximately one half of the hemostasis profiles meet three or more criteria for diagnosis of DIC."

An abdominal ultrasound scan of a dog's spleen.
USG memvisualisasikan massa di limpa atau hati.

Pengobatan

Stabilkan, kendalikan perdarahan, perlambat penyebaran: bedah plus kemoterapi.

Bedah

Splenektomi atau eksisi kulit; saja jarang menyembuhkan bentuk internal.

Kemoterapi

Direkomendasikan pascaoperasi.

Suportif

Cairan IV, transfusi, analgesia, kontrol aritmia.

Drugs: Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine.

Prognosis

Tanpa pengobatan sering 20-60 hari. Bedah + kemo sekitar 140-202 hari. Bentuk kulit dieksisi dini: lebih baik. Kucing: data terbatas.

Pencegahan

Bentuk internal tidak dapat dicegah. Kulit: batasi matahari (10:00-16:00), tabir surya aman, baju UV. USG skrining pada senior ras berisiko.

Kapan menghubungi dokter hewan

Darurat: kolaps mendadak; gusi sangat pucat; sesak napas berat; distensi abdomen akut; lesu ekstrem; memar atau perdarahan hidung/mulut tanpa sebab.

Untuk ras tertentu

Ras berisiko tinggi tercantum di bawah.

Abdominal: German Shepherd Dogs, Golden Retrievers, and Labrador Retrievers.

"Abdominal hemangiosarcoma is principally found in older dogs, especially German Shepherd Dogs and Golden Retrievers."

Other: English Cocker Spaniels, English Setters, Afghan Hounds, Siberian Huskies, Irish Setters, and Great Danes. Greyhounds: intramuscular hind limb.

"Greyhounds with intramuscular HSA typically present with a swollen and bruised rear limb; the tumor is frequently in the biceps femoris or quadriceps."

Cutaneous: Whippets, Italian Greyhounds, Beagles, Great Danes, and English Bulldogs.

Sumber

  • Small Animal Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 529, 1220.
  • Small Animal Dermatology: A Color Atlas and Therapeutic Guide, page 466.

My highlights & notes

Tanda & gejala

Ras berisiko lebih tinggi

Cara didiagnosis

  • Histopathology / BiopsyStandar emas
  • 3-View Chest Radiographs
  • Abdominal Ultrasound (AUS)
  • Blood smear
  • Echocardiography
  • Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) / Cytology
  • Hemostasis profile

Pendekatan pengobatan

Pengobatan harus diresepkan dokter hewan berlisensi. Dosis spesifik sengaja tidak ditampilkan.

Pertanyaan umum

What is Hemangiosarcoma?

Hemangiosarcoma is a highly aggressive, malignant cancer of the blood vessels that commonly affects the spleen, heart, or skin in dogs and cats. Recognizing the signs of internal bleeding and understanding your diagnostic and treatment options can help you make informed decisions for your pet.

What are the symptoms of Hemangiosarcoma?

Anaemia (pale gums)、Acute collapse、Hemoabdomen、Spontaneous bleeding、Low platelets、Weakness (low energy, no strength)、Bloated belly、Hair loss

How is Hemangiosarcoma diagnosed?

Histopathology / Biopsy、3-View Chest Radiographs、Abdominal Ultrasound (AUS)、Blood smear、Echocardiography、Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) / Cytology

How is Hemangiosarcoma treated?

Pengobatan harus diresepkan dokter hewan berlisensi. Dosis spesifik sengaja tidak ditampilkan.

Sumber

  1. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1220
  2. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1220
  3. 皮膚病 教科書點子書 Small-Animal-Dermatology-A-Color-Atlas-and-Therapeutic-Guide · p. 466
  4. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 529
  5. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1220

Artikel ini edukasi umum, bukan pengganti saran dokter hewan. Jika hewan sakit, konsultasikan dokter hewan.

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