Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Juga dikenal sebagai: DIC
Singkatnya
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening, secondary clotting disorder in dogs and cats. Triggered by severe underlying diseases like sepsis or trauma, it causes widespread micro-clots and severe bleeding, requiring immediate emergency veterinary intervention.

TL;DR. DIC adalah sindrom koagulasi kritis pada penyakit berat: mikrotrombus di pembuluh kecil dan sekaligus perdarahan tak terkontrol karena faktor pembekuan habis dikonsumsi.
Pasien DIC membutuhkan rawat intensif dan dukungan berkelanjutan.
Apa itu?
DIC bukan penyakit primer tetapi sindrom sekunder. Ia mengaktifkan koagulasi secara massif di mikrosirkulasi (mikrotrombus), mengonsumsi trombosit dan antikoagulan, lalu menyebabkan perdarahan dan gagal organ. Fibrinolisis ikut meningkat.
Penyebab dan faktor risiko
Selalu sekunder. Sering sepsis dan SIRS; juga trauma, pankreatitis, kanker lanjut (mis. hemangiosarkoma), heatstroke, infeksi berat, gigitan ular. Greyhound dapat memiliki profil koagulasi atipikal.
"DIC invariably occurs as a complication of an underlying disorder; sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are the most common causes in humans and dogs."
Tanda yang perlu diperhatikan
- Anemia (umum): gusi pucat, kelemahan.
- Petekie, ekimosis (kadang)
- Epistaksis, perdarahan gusi, GI, atau urin (kadang)
- Perdarahan berkepanjangan di tempat tusukan (kadang)
- Perdarahan intrakavitas, hematoma (kadang)
- Aritmia, tanda organ (kadang)

Petekie pada gusi menandakan konsumsi sumber koagulasi yang berat.
Bagaimana dokter hewan mendiagnosis
Klinik dan laboratorium: trombosit dan apusan (skistosit, trombositopenia), PT/aPTT, FDP/D-dimer, antitrombin, mungkin TEG; biokimia dan urin untuk pemicu dan organ.
"These include a regenerative hemolytic anemia (although occasionally, because the animal has a chronic disorder such as cancer, the anemia is non regenerative), hemoglobinemia (caused by intravascular hemolysis), RBC fragments or schistocytes, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia with a left shift, and rarely neutropenia."

Apusan membantu mengenali trombositopenia dan eritrosit terfragmentasi.
Pilihan pengobatan
Perawatan intensif segera dan obati penyebab.
- Cairan dan ekspander: cairan i.v.; mungkin Dextran 70 untuk mikrosirkulasi.
- Antikoagulasi: Heparin tidak terfraksi dengan hati-hati dan pemantauan.
- Antiagregasi: Aspirin dosis rendah pada kasus terpilih.
- Antidot heparin: Protamine Sulfate jika perdarahan karena heparin.
"Once a diagnosis of DIC has been established, or even if the degree of suspicion is high that DIC is present, treatment should be instituted without delay. Unfortunately, no controlled clinical trials have been performed in veterinary medicine evaluating the effects of different treatments in dogs with DIC, so this discussion reflects my recommendations for the treatment of dogs with this condition."
Prognosis
Berat. Mortalitas anjing ~54 %; sangat tinggi pada kucing. Kelangsungan hidup bergantung pada kontrol pemicu.
Pencegahan
Tidak ada pencegahan langsung. Kunci: pengobatan dini dan agresif penyakit berisiko tinggi DIC.
Kapan menghubungi dokter hewan
Segera jika: perdarahan spontan; petekie/ekimosis; kolaps; gusi pucat; sesak napas; darah dalam urin, feses, atau muntah.
Untuk ras tertentu
Greyhound: koagulasi atipikal; pada penyakit berat atau bedah, pertimbangkan panel koagulasi proaktif.
Sumber
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295.
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, page 625.
My highlights & notes
Tanda & gejala
Ras berisiko lebih tinggi
Cara didiagnosis
- Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
- Antithrombin (AT) concentration
- Blood smear examination
- D-dimer test
- Fibrin degradation products (FDPs) test
- One-stage prothrombin time (OSPT / PT)
- Platelet count
- Serum Biochemistry
- Thromboelastography (TEG)
- Urinalysis
Pendekatan pengobatan
Pengobatan harus diresepkan dokter hewan berlisensi. Dosis spesifik sengaja tidak ditampilkan.
Pertanyaan umum
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening, secondary clotting disorder in dogs and cats. Triggered by severe underlying diseases like sepsis or trauma, it causes widespread micro-clots and severe bleeding, requiring immediate emergency veterinary intervention.
What are the symptoms of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?
Anaemia (pale gums)、Cylindruria、Bruise-like patches under the skin、Nosebleed、Gastrointestinal hemorrhage、Red or cola-colored urine、Intracavitary hemorrhage、Mucosal bleeding
How is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation diagnosed?
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)、Antithrombin (AT) concentration、Blood smear examination、D-dimer test、Fibrin degradation products (FDPs) test、One-stage prothrombin time (OSPT / PT)
How is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation treated?
Pengobatan harus diresepkan dokter hewan berlisensi. Dosis spesifik sengaja tidak ditampilkan.
Sumber
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1292
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1295
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1294
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1293
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 625
Artikel ini edukasi umum, bukan pengganti saran dokter hewan. Jika hewan sakit, konsultasikan dokter hewan.
Khawatir soal hewan peliharaan?
AI Peqaboo membantu melacak gejala, memahami hasil lab, dan tahu kapan ke dokter hewan.
Unduh app Peqaboo