多西環素

用途

• Hemotropic mycoplasmosis
• Bartonellosis
• Systemic infections, bacteremia
• Ehrlichiosis or Anaplasmosis
• Clinical hemoplasmosis or bartonellosis
• Toxoplasma gondii
• Susceptible mycobacterial, L-Forms, or mycoplasma infections
• Nocardia (N. nova) infections
• Feline chlamydial infections (C. felis)
• Susceptible bacterial infections
• Feline chlamydiosis
• Lyme disease
• Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasmosis; EGE)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Anorexia
• Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, ALP)
• Esophageal strictures (especially in cats if dry-pilled)
• Superinfections (non-susceptible bacteria or fungi)
• Photosensitivity (reported in humans)
• Cardiac arrhythmias, collapse, and death (if given IV to horses)
• Nausea
• Diarrhoea
• Oesophagitis
• Oesophageal ulceration/stricture (especially in cats)
• Tooth discoloration (if given during tooth development, though risk is lower than other tetracyclines)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
• Intravenous administration in horses (associated with fatal cardiac arrhythmias)
• First half of pregnancy (can retard fetal skeletal development and discolor deciduous teeth, though less likely than other tetracyclines)
• Pregnant animals
• Animals with evidence of oesophagitis or dysphagia
• > **WARNING:** Do not administer IV to horses due to risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Do not give IM or SC to any species. * **Esophageal Strictures:** Highly associated with "dry pilling" in cats. Always follow oral solid doses with at least 6 mL of water or liquid. * **Hepatotoxicity:** Use with caution in animals with significant liver dysfunction, as increases in hepatic enzymes have been documented. * **Pregnancy/Pediatric:** Use with caution in pregnant and young animals due to potential for bone and teeth abnormalities, though doxycycline is safer than older tetracyclines. * **MDR1 Mutants:** Safe to use; no dose alterations recommended for dogs with MDR1 mutations.

藥物相互作用

• Oral Antacids (Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Bismuth): Chelates with divalent/trivalent cations, significantly decreasing doxycycline absorption. Give at least 1-2 hours apart.
• Bismuth Subsalicylate, Kaolin, Pectin: May reduce gastrointestinal absorption of doxycycline.
• Oral Iron: Decreases tetracycline absorption. Give iron 3 hours before or 2 hours after doxycycline.
• Penicillins / Cephalosporins / Aminoglycosides: Bacteriostatic drugs (doxycycline) may theoretically interfere with the bactericidal activity of these antibiotics.
• Phenobarbital: May decrease doxycycline half-life and reduce serum levels.
• Warfarin: Tetracyclines may depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage may need adjustment.
• Antacids: Reduced absorption of doxycycline
• Calcium salts: Reduced absorption of doxycycline
• Magnesium salts: Reduced absorption of doxycycline
• Iron salts: Reduced absorption of doxycycline

常見問題