Hemangiosarcoma of the Heart
Cardiac hemangiosarcoma
Også kjent som: Cardiac Hemangiosarcoma, Cardiac HSA, Right Atrial Hemangiosarcoma
Kort fortalt
Cardiac hemangiosarcoma is a highly aggressive, life-threatening cancer of the blood vessels in the heart. Primarily affecting dogs and occasionally cats, it often leads to sudden internal bleeding, fluid accumulation around the heart, and acute collapse. Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment options can help you make informed decisions during a medical crisis.

TL;DR. Svært aggressiv karsvulst i hjertet: plutselig blødning, tamponade, akutt. Forsiktig prognose.
Ofte høyre atrium; blod i perikard.
Hva er det?
Ondartet endotelcelletumor. Hos hund ofte høyre atrium/aurikkel. Ruptur fyller perikard og kan gi tamponade.
"The age distribution of cats with cardiac tumors is different from that of dogs; about 28% are 7 years old or younger. It is unknown whether reproductive status affects relative risk for cardiac tumors in cats."
Årsaker og risikofaktorer
Årsak ukjent; genetisk disposisjon. Middelaldrende til eldre hunder. Ved hjertemasse også milt og lever.
"Approximately 50% of the tumors originate in the spleen, 25% in the right atrium, 13% in subcutaneous tissue, 5% in the liver, 5% in the liver-spleen-right atrium, and 1% to 2% simultaneously in other organs (i. e. , kidney, urinary bladder, bone, tongue, prostate)."
Tegn å se etter
Vanlige
- Kollaps; synkope; svakhet; bleke slimhinner; arytmier; dempede hjertetoner; høyresidig svikt; blodstatusavvik
Av og til
- Ascites; akantocytter; bilyd

Plutselig svakhet og bleke slimhinner advarer om blødning fra hjertesvulst.
Diagnostikk
- Undersøkelse: dempede toner, svake pulser, bleke slimhinner
- Ekkokardiografi: primært verktøy
"Echography reveals an intrapericardial cystic mass compressing the cardiac cavities. However, this echographic aspect can be similar to that of a cardiac hemangiosarcoma..."
- Cytologi av perikardvæske: ofte ikke definitiv
"An additional problem with effusions is that they frequently contain reactive mesothelial cells that may resemble neoplastic cells, leading to a false-positive diagnosis of HSA. In general, a presumptive clinical or cytologic diagnosis of HSA should be confirmed histopathologically, if feasible."
- Blodstatus, troponin I, røntgen, buk-UL; histopatologi

Ekkokardiografi viser masse og væske.
Behandling
Akutt stabilisering
Perikardiocentese avlaster tamponade.
Kirurgi
Aurikkelreseksjon og/eller partiell perikardektomi (palliativ).
Kjemoterapi (VAC)
Vincristine, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide
"Sixty-seven dogs with HSA in different anatomic locations were evaluated retrospectively. All dogs received the VAC protocol, as adjuvant to surgery ( n = 50), neoadjuvant ( n = 3), or as the sole treatment modality ( n = 14). There was no signi ficant difference between the MST [median survival time] of dogs with stage III ( n = 25; 195 days) and stage I/II ( n = 42; 189 days) HSA..."
Støtte
glucocorticoids palliativt mulig.
Prognose
Uten behandling: ofte dager-uker. Kirurgi + VAC: median ~189-195 dager. Katt: begrensede data.
Forebygging
Ingen kjent forebygging. Screening-ekko hos risikoraser i middelalder.
Når ringe veterinæren
Akutt:
- Plutselig kollaps; ekstrem svakhet; bleke/blå slimhinner; alvorlig åndenød; synkope; akutt bukhevelse
For spesifikke raser
Risikoraser:
- German Shepherd Dog
- Golden Retriever
- Labrador Retriever
- American Cocker Spaniel
- English Setter
- Miniature Poodle
- Afghan Hound
Kilder
- Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 203, 1220-1222.
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat, page 261.
My highlights & notes
Tegn og symptomer
Raser med høyere risiko
Hvordan det diagnostiseres
- HistopathologyGullstandard
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Echocardiography
- Pericardial fluid cytology
- Plasma cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) assay
- Thoracic radiographs
Behandlingsmetoder
Behandling må foreskrives av autorisert veterinær. Spesifikke doser vises bevisst ikke.
Vanlige spørsmål
What is Hemangiosarcoma of the Heart?
Cardiac hemangiosarcoma is a highly aggressive, life-threatening cancer of the blood vessels in the heart. Primarily affecting dogs and occasionally cats, it often leads to sudden internal bleeding, fluid accumulation around the heart, and acute collapse. Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment options can help you make informed decisions during a medical crisis.
What are the symptoms of Hemangiosarcoma of the Heart?
Anaemia (pale gums)、Muffled heart sounds、Spontaneous bleeding、Low platelets、Weakness (low energy, no strength)、Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)、Collapse (suddenly going down)、nucleated red blood cells
How is Hemangiosarcoma of the Heart diagnosed?
Histopathology、Abdominal Ultrasonography、Complete Blood Count (CBC)、Echocardiography、Pericardial fluid cytology、Plasma cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) assay
How is Hemangiosarcoma of the Heart treated?
Behandling må foreskrives av autorisert veterinær. Spesifikke doser vises bevisst ikke.
Kilder
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1220
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1222
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1221
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 203
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat · p. 261
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