Ventricular Septal Defect
Ventricular septal defect
Juga dikenali sebagai: VSD
Ringkasnya
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an uncommon congenital heart condition where an abnormal hole exists in the wall separating the heart's lower chambers, which can range from a harmless, self-closing minor defect to a serious risk for heart failure.
TL;DR. Kecacatan septum ventrikel ialah lubang kongenital pada dinding antara ventrikel; boleh ringan atau risiko serius kegagalan jantung.
VSD membolehkan shunt dari ventrikel kiri bertekanan tinggi ke kanan.
Apakah itu?
Malformasi jantung kongenital: lubang pada septum ventrikel. Darah mengalir kiri-ke-kanan. Sisi kanan dan paru menerima isipadu berlebihan; beban kiri dan kegagalan kongestif mungkin.
Punca dan faktor risiko
Ralat perkembangan janin dengan komponen genetik. Tidak lazim. Anjing berisiko: English Bulldog, English Springer Spaniel, Keeshond, West Highland White Terrier, Lakeland Terrier. Juga pada kucing.
Tanda
- Desiran holosistolik [kardinal]
- Intoleransi senaman [biasa]
- Asimptomatik [biasa] jika kecil/sederhana
- Desiran ejeksi sistolik [kadang-kadang]
- Kegagalan kiri [kadang-kadang]: batuk, dispnea, letargi
- Desiran diastolik decrescendo [jarang]
Intoleransi senaman biasa pada VSD besar.
Diagnosis
Auskultasi. Pengesahan: ekokardiografi [EMAS], Doppler, X-ray dada, ECG, kateterisasi jika perlu.
Rawatan
Tiada ubat menutup lubang. Kecil tanpa simptom: pantau. Jika CHF/hipertensi pulmonari: diuretik, vasodilator, sokongan jantung. Penutupan spontan dalam 2 tahun mungkin.
"In some cases, the defect closes spontaneously within the first 2 years of life. Closure can result from myocardial hypertrophy around the VSD or a seal formed by the septal tricuspid leaflet or a prolapsed aortic leaflet."
Prognosis
Kecil/sederhana: sering hidup normal di bawah kawalan. Besar: berwaspada.
"A very large VSD causes the ventricles to function as a common chamber and induces RV dilation and hypertrophy. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to overcirculation is more likely to develop with large shunts."
Pencegahan
Tiada pencegahan gaya hidup. Jangan biak yang terjejas; saringan jantung ibu bapa dalam baka berisiko.
Bila hubungi doktor haiwan
Kecemasan: sesak nafas, bernafas mulut terbuka (terutama kucing), batuk berterusan, rebah, membran biru/pucat, letargi melampau. Kadar nafas rehat sering <30/min.
Untuk baka tertentu
English Bulldog, English Springer Spaniel, Keeshond, Westie, Lakeland: auskultasi teliti pada pemeriksaan anak anjing pertama.
Sumber
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 140, 141
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat, page 292
My highlights & notes
Tanda & simptom
Baka berisiko lebih tinggi
Cara didiagnosis
- EchocardiographyStandard emas
- Cardiac catheterization, oximetry, and angiocardiography
- Doppler echocardiography
- Electrocardiography
- Thoracic radiography
Soalan lazim
What is Ventricular Septal Defect?
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an uncommon congenital heart condition where an abnormal hole exists in the wall separating the heart's lower chambers, which can range from a harmless, self-closing minor defect to a serious risk for heart failure.
What are the symptoms of Ventricular Septal Defect?
Holosystolic murmur、No visible symptoms、Tiring easily during activity、Systolic ejection murmur、left-sided congestive heart failure、diastolic decrescendo murmur
How is Ventricular Septal Defect diagnosed?
Echocardiography、Cardiac catheterization, oximetry, and angiocardiography、Doppler echocardiography、Electrocardiography、Thoracic radiography
Sumber
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat · p. 292
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 141
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 140
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 140
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