Acetaminophen Toxicity
Acetaminophen toxicosis
Juga dikenali sebagai: Paracetamol Toxicity, Acetaminophen Toxicosis, Paracetamol Toxicosis
Ringkasnya
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is highly toxic to cats, even in tiny doses. Because cats lack the liver enzymes needed to break down this common pain reliever, ingestion causes rapid, life-threatening damage to their red blood cells and liver. Immediate veterinary treatment is critical for survival.
TL;DR. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) amat toksik kepada kucing: merosakkan sel darah merah dan hati dengan pantas; memerlukan rawatan kecemasan segera.
Keracunan acetaminophen pada kucing ialah kecemasan yang mengancam nyawa.
Apakah itu?
Acetaminophen (paracetamol, cth. Tylenol) biasa pada manusia tetapi amat berbahaya kepada kucing. Walaupun dos sangat kecil boleh membawa maut. Metabolit toksik (NAPQI, PAP) mengoksidakan hemoglobin kepada methemoglobin; kucing mempunyai sedikit methemoglobin reduktase, jadi darah hilang keupayaan membawa oksigen dan menjadi gelap. Badan Heinz dan anemia hemolitik menyusul; dalam 2–7 hari juga kerosakan hati.
"Acetaminophen is particularly toxic to cats, in which the usual hepatic detoxification pathways of sulfation and glucuronidation are particularly limited. Acetaminophen is oxidized to a toxic metabolite that causes methemoglobinuria within hours of ingestion and Heinz body anemia, hemolysis, and liver failure within 2 to 7 days of ingestion."
Punca dan faktor risiko
Satu-satunya punca: pengambilan ubat. Setiap kucing sensitif; tiada dos selamat.
Tanda yang perlu diperhatikan
Selalunya dalam 1–4 jam: methemoglobinemia (gusi perang lumpur/kelabu/kebiruan), letargi, anoreksia, muntah, hipotermia, edema muka dan tapak kaki, sianosis, anemia Heinz; kadang-kadang hemolisis, air kencing gelap, hepatotoksisiti.
Gusi perang lumpur atau biru-kelabu ialah tanda klasik methemoglobinemia.
Bagaimana doktor haiwan mendiagnosis
Sejarah pendedahan dan klinik. Sapuan darah (badan Heinz), hematokrit, methemoglobin, enzim hati, bilirubin.
Sapuan membantu mengenal pasti badan Heinz dan kerosakan eritrosit.
Pilihan rawatan
Arang aktif awal; asetilsistein sebagai penawar; SAMe, silimarin; simetidin; asid askorbik; berhati-hati metilena biru; oksigen, mungkin transfusi, cecair i.v.
Prognosis
Berjaga-jaga; lebih baik jika dirawat sebelum tanda. Selepas methemoglobinemia, edema atau anemia teruk lebih buruk. Bertahan 48 jam pertama menambah baik prospek.
Pencegahan
Jangan sekali-kali beri ubat manusia tanpa arahan doktor haiwan; simpan selamat; pungut tablet yang jatuh.
Bila menghubungi doktor haiwan
Setiap syak pengambilan ialah kecemasan tahap 5. Jangan tunggu gejala. Segera jika gusi perang/biru, sesak nafas, edema muka/kaki, rebah atau air kencing gelap.
Sumber
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, pp. 648-649
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, p. 590
- Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, p. 57
My highlights & notes
Tanda & simptom
Cara didiagnosis
- Bilirubin measurement
- Blood smear
- Hematocrit
- Liver enzyme panel
- Methemoglobin level measurement
Pendekatan rawatan
Rawatan mesti dipreskripsikan doktor haiwan berlesen. Dos khusus sengaja tidak dipaparkan.
Soalan lazim
What is Acetaminophen Toxicity?
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is highly toxic to cats, even in tiny doses. Because cats lack the liver enzymes needed to break down this common pain reliever, ingestion causes rapid, life-threatening damage to their red blood cells and liver. Immediate veterinary treatment is critical for survival.
What are the symptoms of Acetaminophen Toxicity?
Methemoglobinemia、Loss of appetite、Blue gums or tongue (cyanosis)、Facial and paw swelling、Heinz body anemia、Low body temperature、Lethargy、Vomiting (throwing up)
How is Acetaminophen Toxicity diagnosed?
Bilirubin measurement、Blood smear、Hematocrit、Liver enzyme panel、Methemoglobin level measurement
How is Acetaminophen Toxicity treated?
Rawatan mesti dipreskripsikan doktor haiwan berlesen. Dos khusus sengaja tidak dipaparkan.
Sumber
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 648
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 648
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 590
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 649
- Plumb · p. 57
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 648
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