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Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion

Juga dikenal sebagai: Hydrothorax, Pleural fluid

CatDogUrgensi: Emergency
Compiled from veterinary literature and clinical references· Updated 2026-07-28·How we create this

Singkatnya

Pleural effusion is a life-threatening accumulation of fluid around the lungs in dogs and cats. Recognizing signs like rapid breathing, increased effort, or an abnormal "paradoxical" breathing pattern is critical for seeking immediate veterinary emergency care.

Anatomical diagram of pleural effusion in a dog, showing fluid compressing the lungs.
In pleural effusion, fluid accumulates in the space surrounding the lungs, preventing them from expanding fully.

TL;DR. Penumpukan cairan di sekitar paru yang membatasi pernapasan; darurat yang butuh drainase dan pengobatan penyebab.

Cairan menekan paru dan menghalangi ekspansi penuh.

Apa itu?

Cairan abnormal di rongga pleural. Diklasifikasikan sebagai transudat murni/modifikasi dan eksudat menurut protein dan sel. Tanda penyakit dasar, bukan penyakit tunggal.

Penyebab dan faktor risiko

Gagal jantung, piotoraks, neoplasia, chylothorax, hemothorax (trauma/racun tikus), FIP pada kucing.

Tanda

  • Takipnea, usaha napas, sesak
  • Suara jantung dan paru redup
  • Pernapasan paradoks, intoleransi olahraga, letargi
  • Gusi pucat atau sianotik pada kasus berat

A dog exhibiting increased abdominal effort and rapid breathing.
Pernapasan perut menonjol adalah tanda kunci.

Diagnosis

Pemeriksaan, torakosentesis, analisis cairan (standar emas), radiograf/ultrasound setelah stabil; CT atau bedah jika perlu.

A veterinarian using ultrasound to guide a needle for draining chest fluid in a cat.
Torakosentesis meringankan napas dan memberi sampel diagnostik.

Pengobatan

Drainase darurat + oksigen. Menurut penyebab: drain/antibiotik (piotoraks), obat jantung/diuretik, diet sangat rendah lemak/bedah (chylothorax), paliatif (neoplasia), bedah (trauma).

Prognosis

Tergantung penyebab: piotoraks baik hingga sangat baik; neoplasia sering buruk; jantung/chylothorax hati-hati hingga sedang.

Pencegahan

Pemeriksaan rutin, kucing di dalam, hindari rumput berbulir, jangan abaikan perubahan napas.

Kapan menghubungi dokter hewan

Darurat jika napas mulut terbuka, >40 napas/min istirahat, napas perut, membran abnormal, atau kolaps.

Sumber

  • Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 371, 372.
  • Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, page 179.
  • Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 692.

My highlights & notes

Tanda & gejala

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)· CommonIncreased breathing effort· CommonMuffled heart sounds· CommonMuffled lung sounds· CommonFast breathing· CommonIrregular heartbeat· OccasionalBreath holding breathing pattern· OccasionalCardiac murmurs· OccasionalLow mood and dullness· OccasionalInappetance· OccasionalThin body condition· OccasionalWeight loss (getting thinner)· OccasionalTiring easily during activity· OccasionalPallor· Occasionalparadoxical breathing· Occasional

Cara didiagnosis

  • Pleural fluid cytology and analysisStandar emas
  • Computed Tomography (CT)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Thoracic radiography
  • Thoracic ultrasonography
  • Thoracocentesis
  • Thoracoscopy
  • Thoracotomy

Pertanyaan umum

What is Pleural Effusion?

Pleural effusion is a life-threatening accumulation of fluid around the lungs in dogs and cats. Recognizing signs like rapid breathing, increased effort, or an abnormal "paradoxical" breathing pattern is critical for seeking immediate veterinary emergency care.

What are the symptoms of Pleural Effusion?

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)、Increased breathing effort、Muffled heart sounds、Muffled lung sounds、Fast breathing、Irregular heartbeat、Breath holding breathing pattern、Cardiac murmurs

How is Pleural Effusion diagnosed?

Pleural fluid cytology and analysis、Computed Tomography (CT)、Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)、Thoracic radiography、Thoracic ultrasonography、Thoracocentesis

Sumber

  1. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 371
  2. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 179
  3. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 372
  4. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 371
  5. Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 692

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