Cyclosporine
別名: Optimmune, Restasis, Atopica, Cyclavance, Modulis, Sporimmune
### Managing Your Pet's Dry Eye * **Patience is Key:** It can take **3 to 8 weeks** of consistent use before you see a dramatic improvement in tear production. Do not stop the medication early! * **Lifelong Therapy:** Dry eye (KCS) is usually a lifelong condition. If you stop applying the ointment, the dry eye symptoms will likely return within a few days. * **Application:** Apply a small strip (about 1/4 inch) of ointment directly to the eye. If you are also using artificial tears, apply the artificial tears first, wait 5-10 minutes, and then apply the cyclosporine ointment. * **Safety:** This medication is very safe for the eyes and does not cause the body-wide side effects that steroids can.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
- German Shepherd Pannus (chronic superficial keratitis)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Mild ocular irritation upon application
- Aggravation of ophthalmic herpes virus infections (especially in cats)
注意事項與禁忌
- Feline keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with active herpes virus infection
- Feline eosinophilic keratitis (historically, though newer evidence varies, the monograph notes it is not promising)
- > **Important:** Discontinuation of therapy usually results in the return of clinical signs of KCS within a few days. Use with caution in the face of ulcerative keratitis, although it is generally considered safe when concurrent antibiotic therapy is administered. Compounded formulations should be avoided if an approved commercial product (Optimmune) is available and effective.
藥物相互作用
- Itraconazole: Inhibits cytochrome P450 metabolism of ciclosporin, increasing blood concentrations up to five-fold. Dose reduction (halving dose or doubling interval) is required.
- Ketoconazole: Inhibits cytochrome P450 metabolism of ciclosporin, significantly increasing blood concentrations.
- Diltiazem: Competitively inhibits enzymes involved in ciclosporin metabolism, increasing serum levels.
- Doxycycline: Inhibits enzymes involved in ciclosporin metabolism, increasing serum levels.
- Aminoglycosides: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity; concomitant use is not recommended.
- NSAIDs: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity; concomitant use is not recommended.
- Quinolones: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity; concomitant use is not recommended.
- Trimethoprim/Sulphonamides: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity; concomitant use is not recommended.
- ACE inhibitors: Increased risk of hyperkalaemia.
- Macrocyclic lactones (e.g., ivermectin, milbemycin): Ciclosporin inhibits MDR1 P-glycoprotein, decreasing the efflux of macrocyclic lactones from the blood-brain barrier, potentially resulting in CNS toxicity.
常見問題
Cyclosporine用於寵物有甚麼用途？
### Managing Your Pet's Dry Eye * **Patience is Key:** It can take **3 to 8 weeks** of consistent use before you see a dramatic improvement in tear production. Do not stop the medication early! * **Lifelong Therapy:** Dry eye (KCS) is usually a lifelong condition. If you stop applying the ointment, the dry eye symptoms will likely return within a few days. * **Application:** Apply a small strip (about 1/4 inch) of ointment directly to the eye. If you are also using artificial tears, apply the artificial tears first, wait 5-10 minutes, and then apply the cyclosporine ointment. * **Safety:** This medication is very safe for the eyes and does not cause the body-wide side effects that steroids can.
Cyclosporine對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。