Aortic Thromboembolism
Systemic arterial thromboembolism
Även känd som: FATE, Feline Aortic Thromboembolism, Saddle Thrombus, Saddle Embolus, Systemic Arterial Thromboembolism
Kort sagt
Aortic thromboembolism, or saddle thrombus, is a sudden, life-threatening emergency in dogs and cats where a blood clot blocks blood flow to the hind limbs. This guide explains the causes, critical warning signs, diagnostic process, and intensive treatment options for this severe cardiovascular condition.
TL;DR. Sadeltrombos: plötsligt nödläge som blockerar flödet till bakbenen; extrem smärta och förlamning.
Tromben sitter vid aortatrifurkationen.
Vad är det?
Saddle thrombus: cardiac embolus lodges at the aortic trifurcation, cutting hind-limb flow. Ischemia leads to rhabdomyolysis, nerve injury, paresis/paralysis, and extreme pain.
Orsaker och riskfaktorer
Cat: usually HCM with enlarged left atrium. Dog: hypercoagulable states (Cushing, protein-losing nephropathy, IMHA, neoplasia, sepsis, pancreatitis, etc.).
Tecken att bevaka
- Severe pain, hind paresis/paralysis, absent femoral pulses (cardinal)
- Cold limbs, pale/cyanotic pads, tachypnea, hypothermia (common)
- Muscle contracture, murmur/arrhythmia (occasional)
Blekta eller blåaktiga trampdynor och kalla tassar är klassiska.
Hur veterinärer diagnostiserar
Clinical five Ps (pain, paresis, pulselessness, pallor, poikilothermia). Echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound/Doppler, thoracic radiographs before diuretics, CK/AST, TEG if available.
Echo visar förmaksförstoring och ofta tromb eller rök.
Behandlingsalternativ
Opioid analgesia. Anticoagulation: heparin, LMWH; long-term clopidogrel, sometimes aspirin. Oxygen; cautious fluids. Monitor reperfusion injury (hyperkalemia).
Prognos
Poor: high acute mortality/euthanasia; recurrences common.
Förebyggande
Early cardiac screening; clopidogrel if marked LA enlargement. Treat underlying disease in dogs.
När ringa veterinären
Category-5 emergency: sudden hind-limb paralysis, crying in pain, cold pale paws, severe dyspnea.
Källor
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, p. 253
- Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pp. 235, 236, 244
My highlights & notes
Tecken & symptom
Raser med högre risk
Hur det diagnostiseras
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Angiography
- Doppler studies
- Echocardiography
- Measurement of muscle enzymes
- Thoracic radiography
- Thromboelastography
Behandlingsmetoder
Behandling måste ordineras av legitimerad veterinär. Specifika doser visas medvetet inte.
Vanliga frågor
What is Aortic Thromboembolism?
Aortic thromboembolism, or saddle thrombus, is a sudden, life-threatening emergency in dogs and cats where a blood clot blocks blood flow to the hind limbs. This guide explains the causes, critical warning signs, diagnostic process, and intensive treatment options for this severe cardiovascular condition.
What are the symptoms of Aortic Thromboembolism?
Absent arterial pulse、Acute limb paresis、Pain、Posterior paresis、Azotemia (high kidney waste in the blood)、Cool distal limbs、Cyanotic nailbeds、Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
How is Aortic Thromboembolism diagnosed?
Abdominal Ultrasonography、Angiography、Doppler studies、Echocardiography、Measurement of muscle enzymes、Thoracic radiography
How is Aortic Thromboembolism treated?
Behandling måste ordineras av legitimerad veterinär. Specifika doser visas medvetet inte.
Källor
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 253
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 236
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 244
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 235
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 236
Artikeln är allmän information och ersätter inte veterinärråd. Om djuret mår dåligt, kontakta veterinär.
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