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Aortic Thromboembolism

Systemic arterial thromboembolism

Aussi appelé: FATE, Feline Aortic Thromboembolism, Saddle Thrombus, Saddle Embolus, Systemic Arterial Thromboembolism

Revu par un vétérinaireCatDogUrgence: Emergency

En bref

Aortic thromboembolism, or saddle thrombus, is a sudden, life-threatening emergency in dogs and cats where a blood clot blocks blood flow to the hind limbs. This guide explains the causes, critical warning signs, diagnostic process, and intensive treatment options for this severe cardiovascular condition.

Anatomy diagram of a saddle thrombus blocking blood flow to a pet's hind legs.
A saddle thrombus lodges at the aortic trifurcation, completely blocking blood flow to the hind limbs.

TL;DR. Thrombus en selle: urgence brutale bloquant le flux vers les postérieurs; douleur extrême et paralysie.

Le thrombus se loge à la trifurcation aortique.

Qu'est-ce que c'est ?

Saddle thrombus: cardiac embolus lodges at the aortic trifurcation, cutting hind-limb flow. Ischemia → rhabdomyolysis, nerve injury, paresis/paralysis; extreme pain.

Causes et facteurs de risque

Cat: usually HCM with enlarged left atrium. Dog: hypercoagulable states (Cushing, protein-losing nephropathy, IMHA, neoplasia, sepsis, pancreatitis, etc.).

Signes à surveiller

  • Severe pain, hind paresis/paralysis, absent femoral pulses (cardinal)
  • Cold limbs, pale/cyanotic pads, tachypnea, hypothermia (common)
  • Muscle contracture, murmur/arrhythmia (occasional)

Close-up of pale and bluish cat footpads indicating a lack of blood flow.
Coussinets pâles ou bleutés et pattes froides sont classiques.

Comment les vétérinaires diagnostiquent

Clinical “5 Ps”. Echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound/Doppler, thoracic radiographs before diuretics, CK/AST, TEG if available.

Echocardiogram showing a blood clot in an enlarged left atrium.
L'écho montre l'agrandissement atrial et souvent un thrombus ou smoke.

Options de traitement

Opioid analgesia. Anticoagulation: heparin, LMWH; long-term clopidogrel, sometimes aspirin. Oxygen; cautious fluids. Monitor reperfusion injury (hyperkalemia).

Pronostic

Poor: high acute mortality/euthanasia; recurrences common.

Prévention

Early cardiac screening; clopidogrel if marked LA enlargement. Treat underlying disease in dogs.

Quand appeler le vétérinaire

Category-5 emergency: sudden hind-limb paralysis, crying in pain, cold pale paws, severe dyspnea.

Sources

  • Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, p. 253
  • Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pp. 235, 236, 244

My highlights & notes

Signes et symptômes

Races à risque plus élevé

Comment c’est diagnostiqué

  • Abdominal Ultrasonography
  • Angiography
  • Doppler studies
  • Echocardiography
  • Measurement of muscle enzymes
  • Thoracic radiography
  • Thromboelastography

Approches de traitement

Le traitement doit être prescrit par un vétérinaire agréé selon votre animal. Les doses précises ne sont volontairement pas affichées.

Questions fréquentes

What is Aortic Thromboembolism?

Aortic thromboembolism, or saddle thrombus, is a sudden, life-threatening emergency in dogs and cats where a blood clot blocks blood flow to the hind limbs. This guide explains the causes, critical warning signs, diagnostic process, and intensive treatment options for this severe cardiovascular condition.

What are the symptoms of Aortic Thromboembolism?

Absent arterial pulse、Acute limb paresis、Pain、Posterior paresis、Azotemia (high kidney waste in the blood)、Cool distal limbs、Cyanotic nailbeds、Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)

How is Aortic Thromboembolism diagnosed?

Abdominal Ultrasonography、Angiography、Doppler studies、Echocardiography、Measurement of muscle enzymes、Thoracic radiography

How is Aortic Thromboembolism treated?

Le traitement doit être prescrit par un vétérinaire agréé selon votre animal. Les doses précises ne sont volontairement pas affichées.

Sources

  1. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 253
  2. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 236
  3. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 244
  4. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 235
  5. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 236

Cet article est informatif et ne remplace pas un avis vétérinaire. Si votre animal est malade, consultez un vétérinaire.

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