Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma
Også kjent som: Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, Anal sac carcinoma, Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac
Kort fortalt
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
TL;DR. Aggressiv analsekktumor med tidlige lymfeknutemetastaser og ofte livstruende hyperkalsemi.
Analsekkene sitter ved siden av rektum; kirurgi er delikat.
Hva er det?
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA): locally invasive scent-gland cancer; early sublumbar node metastasis; hypercalcemia of malignancy via PTH-like protein is common and kidney-toxic.
Årsaker og risikofaktorer
Cause unknown. Middle-aged to older dogs (~9–11 y). Higher risk: Beagle, German Shepherd Dog, English Cocker Spaniel.
Tegn å se etter
- Anal sac/pararectal mass, PU/PD, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting (common)
- Tenesmus, constipation, dyschezia (occasional)
- Emergency: persistent vomiting, extreme lethargy, inability to defecate, collapse
Tenesmus er vanlig ved bekkenobstruksjon.
Hvordan veterinærer diagnostiserer
Rectal exam, cytology (FNA), histopathology (gold standard), blood (ionized Ca²⁺, kidney values), abdominal ultrasound, 3-view thoracic radiographs.
Ultralyd vurderer sublumbale lymfeknuter og metastaser.
Behandlingsalternativer
Surgery (primary ± lymphadenectomy). Chemo e.g. mitoxantrone. Pain: opioids; NSAIDs cautiously (carprofen). Hypercalcemia: IV fluids before surgery.
Prognose
Guarded; stage drives outcome. Metastatic rate variable (~40–90%).
Forebygging
No known prevention. Early detection via routine rectal examination.
Når ringe veterinæren
Tenesmus, anal swelling, polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia/weight loss. Emergency if no stool, continuous vomiting, or collapse.
Kilder
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, page 521.
- 2016 Oncology Guidelines.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 329.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 66.
My highlights & notes
Tegn og symptomer
Raser med høyere risiko
Hvordan det diagnostiseres
- Histopathologic EvaluationGullstandard
- 3-View Chest Radiographs
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Cytologic evaluation
- Rectal examination
Behandlingsmetoder
Behandling må foreskrives av autorisert veterinær. Spesifikke doser vises bevisst ikke.
Vanlige spørsmål
What is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
What are the symptoms of Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac mass、Loss of appetite、Hypercalcemia、Pararectal mass、Polyuria-polydipsia、Vomiting (throwing up)、Weight loss (getting thinner)、Constipation
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma diagnosed?
Histopathologic Evaluation、3-View Chest Radiographs、Abdominal Ultrasonography、Cytologic evaluation、Rectal examination
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma treated?
Behandling må foreskrives av autorisert veterinær. Spesifikke doser vises bevisst ikke.
Kilder
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 521
- 2016 oncology guidelines
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 329
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 66
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