Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma
Tiež známe ako: Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, Anal sac carcinoma, Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac
Stručne
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
TL;DR. Agresívny nádor análneho vaku so skorými uzlinovými metastázami a často život ohrozujúcou hyperkalciémiou.
Análne vaky ležia po stranách konečníka; operácia je citlivá.
Čo to je?
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA): locally invasive scent-gland cancer; early sublumbar node metastasis; hypercalcemia of malignancy via PTH-like protein is common and kidney-toxic.
Príčiny a rizikové faktory
Cause unknown. Middle-aged to older dogs (~9–11 y). Higher risk: Beagle, German Shepherd Dog, English Cocker Spaniel.
Známky, na ktoré treba dávať pozor
- Anal sac/pararectal mass, PU/PD, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting (common)
- Tenesmus, constipation, dyschezia (occasional)
- Emergency: persistent vomiting, extreme lethargy, inability to defecate, collapse
Tenezmus je častý pri obštrukcii panvy.
Ako veterinári diagnostikujú
Rectal exam, cytology (FNA), histopathology (gold standard), blood (ionized Ca²⁺, kidney values), abdominal ultrasound, 3-view thoracic radiographs.
Sono hodnotí sublumbálne uzliny a metastázy.
Možnosti liečby
Surgery (primary ± lymphadenectomy). Chemo e.g. mitoxantrone. Pain: opioids; NSAIDs cautiously (carprofen). Hypercalcemia: IV fluids before surgery.
Prognóza
Guarded; stage drives outcome. Metastatic rate variable (~40–90%).
Prevencia
No known prevention. Early detection via routine rectal examination.
Kedy volať veterinára
Tenesmus, anal swelling, polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia/weight loss. Emergency if no stool, continuous vomiting, or collapse.
Zdroje
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, page 521.
- 2016 Oncology Guidelines.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 329.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 66.
My highlights & notes
Príznaky a prejavy
Plemená s vyšším rizikom
Ako sa diagnostikuje
- Histopathologic EvaluationZlatý štandard
- 3-View Chest Radiographs
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Cytologic evaluation
- Rectal examination
Prístupy k liečbe
Liečbu musí predpísať licencovaný veterinár. Konkrétne dávky zámerne neuvedujeme.
Časté otázky
What is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
What are the symptoms of Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac mass、Loss of appetite、Hypercalcemia、Pararectal mass、Polyuria-polydipsia、Vomiting (throwing up)、Weight loss (getting thinner)、Constipation
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma diagnosed?
Histopathologic Evaluation、3-View Chest Radiographs、Abdominal Ultrasonography、Cytologic evaluation、Rectal examination
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma treated?
Liečbu musí predpísať licencovaný veterinár. Konkrétne dávky zámerne neuvedujeme.
Zdroje
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 521
- 2016 oncology guidelines
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 329
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 66
Článok je všeobecná edukácia a nenahrádza veterinárnu radu. Ak je zviera choré, kontaktujte veterinára.
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