Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma
Nota anche come: Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, Anal sac carcinoma, Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac
In breve
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
TL;DR. Tumore aggressivo del sacco anale con metastasi linfonodali precoci e ipercalcemia potenzialmente fatale.
I sacchi anali affiancano il retto; la chirurgia è delicata.
Cos'è?
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA): locally invasive scent-gland cancer; early sublumbar node metastasis; hypercalcemia of malignancy via PTH-like protein is common and kidney-toxic.
Cause e fattori di rischio
Cause unknown. Middle-aged to older dogs (~9–11 y). Higher risk: Beagle, German Shepherd Dog, English Cocker Spaniel.
Segni da osservare
- Anal sac/pararectal mass, PU/PD, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting (common)
- Tenesmus, constipation, dyschezia (occasional)
- Emergency: persistent vomiting, extreme lethargy, inability to defecate, collapse
Il tenesmo è comune se c'è ostruzione pelvica.
Come diagnosticano i veterinari
Rectal exam, cytology (FNA), histopathology (gold standard), blood (ionized Ca²⁺, kidney values), abdominal ultrasound, 3-view thoracic radiographs.
L'ecografia valuta i linfonodi sublombari e le metastasi.
Opzioni di trattamento
Surgery (primary ± lymphadenectomy). Chemo e.g. mitoxantrone. Pain: opioids; NSAIDs cautiously (carprofen). Hypercalcemia: IV fluids before surgery.
Prognosi
Guarded; stage drives outcome. Metastatic rate variable (~40–90%).
Prevenzione
No known prevention. Early detection via routine rectal examination.
Quando chiamare il veterinario
Tenesmus, anal swelling, polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia/weight loss. Emergency if no stool, continuous vomiting, or collapse.
Fonti
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, page 521.
- 2016 Oncology Guidelines.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 329.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 66.
My highlights & notes
Segni e sintomi
Razze a rischio più alto
Come si diagnostica
- Histopathologic EvaluationGold standard
- 3-View Chest Radiographs
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Cytologic evaluation
- Rectal examination
Approcci di trattamento
Il trattamento deve essere prescritto da un veterinario abilitato in base al vostro animale. Le dosi specifiche non sono mostrate di proposito.
Domande frequenti
What is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
What are the symptoms of Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac mass、Loss of appetite、Hypercalcemia、Pararectal mass、Polyuria-polydipsia、Vomiting (throwing up)、Weight loss (getting thinner)、Constipation
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma diagnosed?
Histopathologic Evaluation、3-View Chest Radiographs、Abdominal Ultrasonography、Cytologic evaluation、Rectal examination
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma treated?
Il trattamento deve essere prescritto da un veterinario abilitato in base al vostro animale. Le dosi specifiche non sono mostrate di proposito.
Fonti
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 521
- 2016 oncology guidelines
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 329
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 66
Questo articolo è informativo e non sostituisce il parere veterinario. Se l’animale sta male, consultate un veterinario.
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