Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma
Također poznato kao: Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, Anal sac carcinoma, Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac
Ukratko
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
TL;DR. Agresivan tumor analne vrećice s ranim metastazama limfnih čvorova i često po život opasnom hiperkalcijemijom.
Analne vrećice leže uz rektum; operacija je delikatna.
Što je to?
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA): locally invasive scent-gland cancer; early sublumbar node metastasis; hypercalcemia of malignancy via PTH-like protein is common and kidney-toxic.
Uzroci i čimbenici rizika
Cause unknown. Middle-aged to older dogs (~9–11 y). Higher risk: Beagle, German Shepherd Dog, English Cocker Spaniel.
Znakovi na koje treba paziti
- Anal sac/pararectal mass, PU/PD, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting (common)
- Tenesmus, constipation, dyschezia (occasional)
- Emergency: persistent vomiting, extreme lethargy, inability to defecate, collapse
Tenezmi su česti pri opstrukciji zdjelice.
Kako veterinari dijagnosticiraju
Rectal exam, cytology (FNA), histopathology (gold standard), blood (ionized Ca²⁺, kidney values), abdominal ultrasound, 3-view thoracic radiographs.
UZV procjenjuje sublumbalne čvorove i metastaze.
Mogućnosti liječenja
Surgery (primary ± lymphadenectomy). Chemo e.g. mitoxantrone. Pain: opioids; NSAIDs cautiously (carprofen). Hypercalcemia: IV fluids before surgery.
Prognoza
Guarded; stage drives outcome. Metastatic rate variable (~40–90%).
Prevencija
No known prevention. Early detection via routine rectal examination.
Kada zvati veterinara
Tenesmus, anal swelling, polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia/weight loss. Emergency if no stool, continuous vomiting, or collapse.
Izvori
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, page 521.
- 2016 Oncology Guidelines.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 329.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 66.
My highlights & notes
Znakovi i simptomi
Pasmine s višim rizikom
Kako se dijagnosticira
- Histopathologic EvaluationZlatni standard
- 3-View Chest Radiographs
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Cytologic evaluation
- Rectal examination
Pristupi liječenju
Liječenje mora propisati licencirani veterinar. Specifične doze namjerno nisu prikazane.
Česta pitanja
What is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
What are the symptoms of Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac mass、Loss of appetite、Hypercalcemia、Pararectal mass、Polyuria-polydipsia、Vomiting (throwing up)、Weight loss (getting thinner)、Constipation
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma diagnosed?
Histopathologic Evaluation、3-View Chest Radiographs、Abdominal Ultrasonography、Cytologic evaluation、Rectal examination
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma treated?
Liječenje mora propisati licencirani veterinar. Specifične doze namjerno nisu prikazane.
Izvori
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 521
- 2016 oncology guidelines
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 329
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 66
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