Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma
Ook bekend als: Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, Anal sac carcinoma, Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac
Kort samengevat
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
TL;DR. Agressieve analezaktumor met vroege lymfekliermetastasen en vaak levensbedreigende hypercalciëmie.
Anale zakken zitten naast het rectum; chirurgie is delicaat.
Wat is het?
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA): locally invasive scent-gland cancer; early sublumbar node metastasis; hypercalcemia of malignancy via PTH-like protein is common and kidney-toxic.
Oorzaken en risicofactoren
Cause unknown. Middle-aged to older dogs (~9–11 y). Higher risk: Beagle, German Shepherd Dog, English Cocker Spaniel.
Signalen
- Anal sac/pararectal mass, PU/PD, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting (common)
- Tenesmus, constipation, dyschezia (occasional)
- Emergency: persistent vomiting, extreme lethargy, inability to defecate, collapse
Tenesmus is vaak bij bekkenobstructie.
Diagnostiek
Rectal exam, cytology (FNA), histopathology (gold standard), blood (ionized Ca²⁺, kidney values), abdominal ultrasound, 3-view thoracic radiographs.
Echo beoordeelt sublumbale lymfeklieren en metastasen.
Behandeling
Surgery (primary ± lymphadenectomy). Chemo e.g. mitoxantrone. Pain: opioids; NSAIDs cautiously (carprofen). Hypercalcemia: IV fluids before surgery.
Prognose
Guarded; stage drives outcome. Metastatic rate variable (~40–90%).
Preventie
No known prevention. Early detection via routine rectal examination.
Wanneer de dierenarts bellen
Tenesmus, anal swelling, polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia/weight loss. Emergency if no stool, continuous vomiting, or collapse.
Bronnen
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, page 521.
- 2016 Oncology Guidelines.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 329.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 66.
My highlights & notes
Tekenen & symptomen
Rassen met hoger risico
Hoe het wordt gediagnosticeerd
- Histopathologic EvaluationGouden standaard
- 3-View Chest Radiographs
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Cytologic evaluation
- Rectal examination
Behandelbenaderingen
Behandeling moet worden voorgeschreven door een bevoegde dierenarts. Specifieke doses worden expres niet getoond.
Veelgestelde vragen
What is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
What are the symptoms of Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac mass、Loss of appetite、Hypercalcemia、Pararectal mass、Polyuria-polydipsia、Vomiting (throwing up)、Weight loss (getting thinner)、Constipation
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma diagnosed?
Histopathologic Evaluation、3-View Chest Radiographs、Abdominal Ultrasonography、Cytologic evaluation、Rectal examination
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma treated?
Behandeling moet worden voorgeschreven door een bevoegde dierenarts. Specifieke doses worden expres niet getoond.
Bronnen
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 521
- 2016 oncology guidelines
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 329
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 66
Dit artikel is algemene educatie en geen vervanging voor professioneel veterinair advies. Bij ziekte: raadpleeg een dierenarts.
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