Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma
Også kendt som: Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, Anal sac carcinoma, Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac
Kort sagt
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
TL;DR. Aggressiv analsæktumor med tidlige lymfeknudemetastaser og ofte livstruende hyperkalcæmi.
Analsækkene sidder ved siden af endetarmen; kirurgi er delikat.
Hvad er det?
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA): locally invasive scent-gland cancer; early sublumbar node metastasis; hypercalcemia of malignancy via PTH-like protein is common and kidney-toxic.
Årsager og risikofaktorer
Cause unknown. Middle-aged to older dogs (~9–11 y). Higher risk: Beagle, German Shepherd Dog, English Cocker Spaniel.
Tegn at holde øje med
- Anal sac/pararectal mass, PU/PD, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting (common)
- Tenesmus, constipation, dyschezia (occasional)
- Emergency: persistent vomiting, extreme lethargy, inability to defecate, collapse
Tenesmus er almindelig ved bækkenobstruktion.
Hvordan dyrlæger diagnosticerer
Rectal exam, cytology (FNA), histopathology (gold standard), blood (ionized Ca²⁺, kidney values), abdominal ultrasound, 3-view thoracic radiographs.
Ultralyd vurderer sublumbale lymfeknuder og metastaser.
Behandlingsmuligheder
Surgery (primary ± lymphadenectomy). Chemo e.g. mitoxantrone. Pain: opioids; NSAIDs cautiously (carprofen). Hypercalcemia: IV fluids before surgery.
Prognose
Guarded; stage drives outcome. Metastatic rate variable (~40–90%).
Forebyggelse
No known prevention. Early detection via routine rectal examination.
Hvornår ringe til dyrlægen
Tenesmus, anal swelling, polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia/weight loss. Emergency if no stool, continuous vomiting, or collapse.
Kilder
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, page 521.
- 2016 Oncology Guidelines.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 329.
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition, page 66.
My highlights & notes
Tegn og symptomer
Racer med højere risiko
Hvordan det diagnosticeres
- Histopathologic EvaluationGuldstandard
- 3-View Chest Radiographs
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Cytologic evaluation
- Rectal examination
Behandlingsmetoder
Behandling skal ordineres af en autoriseret dyrlæge. Specifikke doser vises bevidst ikke.
Ofte stillede spørgsmål
What is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is a common, aggressive cancer of the scent glands in dogs. It frequently spreads to local lymph nodes and causes elevated blood calcium levels. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and treatment options.
What are the symptoms of Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?
Anal sac mass、Loss of appetite、Hypercalcemia、Pararectal mass、Polyuria-polydipsia、Vomiting (throwing up)、Weight loss (getting thinner)、Constipation
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma diagnosed?
Histopathologic Evaluation、3-View Chest Radiographs、Abdominal Ultrasonography、Cytologic evaluation、Rectal examination
How is Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma treated?
Behandling skal ordineres af en autoriseret dyrlæge. Specifikke doser vises bevidst ikke.
Kilder
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 521
- 2016 oncology guidelines
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 329
- Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 66
Artiklen er generel oplysning og erstatter ikke dyrlægeråd. Hvis dyret er sygt, kontakt en dyrlæge.
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