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Stomatitis

Juga dikenal sebagai: Feline stomatitis, Chronic stomatitis, Lymphocytic-plasmacytic stomatitis, Chronic ulceroproliferative stomatitis

Ditinjau dokter hewanCatDogUrgensi: Low

Singkatnya

Stomatitis is a severe, painful inflammatory condition of the mouth affecting cats and dogs. It causes drooling, bad breath, and difficulty eating, often requiring comprehensive veterinary intervention.

Anatomy diagram of a feline mouth with severe red inflammation of the gums and oral mucosa.
Stomatitis causes widespread, painful inflammation of the oral tissues beyond the gumline.

TL;DR. Stomatitis adalah peradangan kronis yang sangat nyeri pada jaringan mulut; diagnosis dan penanganan sering memerlukan anestesi serta mencari penyebab dasar.

Stomatitis mengenai mukosa di luar garis gusi.

Apa itu?

Peradangan berat rongga mulut. Berbeda gingivitis (hanya gusi), bisa melibatkan bibir, pipi, lidah, langit-langit, dan faring. Respons imun berlebih terhadap plak atau pemicu sistemik: bengkak, ulkus, perdarahan, dan nyeri hebat saat makan atau merawat diri.

Penyebab dan faktor risiko

"The clinician should always consider the possibility of immunosuppression with secondary stomatitis (e. g. , FeLV, FIV, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism)."

  • Imunosupresi: FeLV, FIV, diabetes, hiperadrenokortisisme.
  • Virus kucing: calicivirus, herpesvirus-1.

"A small proportion of FCV carriers develop chronic lymphoplasmacytic or chronic ulceroproliferative stomatitis, which is often refractory to therapy."

  • Reaksi terhadap plak; uremia; trauma/kaustik.
  • Ras: Maltese predisposisi CUPS.

Tanda yang perlu diamati

  • Nyeri mulut hebat, saliva kental, bau mulut kuat, anoreksia.
  • Kadang: penurunan berat, disfagia, demam.

A cat showing signs of oral pain by pawing at its mouth with thick saliva visible.
Saliva berlendir dan kaki di mulut menandakan nyeri oral hebat.

Bagaimana dokter hewan mendiagnosis

Pemeriksaan mulut di bawah anestesi, rontgen gigi, biopsi (singkirkan karsinoma), lab; pada kucing FeLV/FIV.

"Even animals with severe halitosis or stomatitis secondary to bacterial infection rarely benefit from bacterial culture, unless there is a draining tract or abscess."

A veterinary professional viewing dental X-rays of a canine patient on a computer screen.
Rontgen gigi menilai akar dan tulang di bawah gusi.

Pilihan pengobatan

Bedah: ekstraksi premolar/molar atau mulut penuh untuk menghilangkan plak dan stimulus imun. Medis: analgesia, antiinflamasi/imunosupresan bila sesuai, pembersihan profesional pada kasus ringan.

Prognosis

Bervariasi. Bentuk metabolik atau sementara lebih baik; kronis terkait FCV sering refrakter. Banyak membaik banyak setelah ekstraksi; sebagian perlu kontrol seumur hidup.

Pencegahan

Sikat harian, pembersihan, vaksin FCV/FHV-1, gingivitis dini.

Kapan menghubungi dokter hewan

Bau mulut, drooling, perubahan nafsu: janji. Darurat jika tidak makan/minum >24 jam, nyeri vokal di mangkuk, perdarahan banyak, demam dengan prostrasi.

Ras spesifik

Maltese: CUPS dengan lesi kontak di pipi; kebersihan gigi ketat.

Sumber

  • Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 402, 465.
  • Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, page 563.

My highlights & notes

Tanda & gejala

Ras berisiko lebih tinggi

Cara didiagnosis

  • Bacterial culture
  • Biopsy
  • Radiographs of the mandible and maxilla
  • Routine clinical pathology data
  • Thorough oral examination under anesthesia

Pertanyaan umum

What is Stomatitis?

Stomatitis is a severe, painful inflammatory condition of the mouth affecting cats and dogs. It causes drooling, bad breath, and difficulty eating, often requiring comprehensive veterinary intervention.

What are the symptoms of Stomatitis?

Loss of appetite、Pain、severe halitosis、thick ropey saliva、Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)、Fever、Weight loss (getting thinner)

How is Stomatitis diagnosed?

Bacterial culture、Biopsy、Radiographs of the mandible and maxilla、Routine clinical pathology data、Thorough oral examination under anesthesia

Sumber

  1. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 465
  2. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 402
  3. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 563

Artikel ini edukasi umum, bukan pengganti saran dokter hewan. Jika hewan sakit, konsultasikan dokter hewan.

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