Addison Disease
Hypoadrenocorticism
Aussi appelé: Hypoadrenocorticism, Addison's disease, Adrenal insufficiency
En bref
Addison's disease is an uncommon endocrine disorder where the adrenal glands fail to produce vital hormones. This leads to severe gastrointestinal issues, weakness, and life-threatening electrolyte imbalances. While an Addisonian crisis is a veterinary emergency, the long-term prognosis is excellent with lifelong daily or monthly hormone replacement therapy.
TL;DR. Trouble hormonal grave mais très traitable par surrénales hypoactives; traitement à vie, puis souvent excellente qualité de vie.
Les surrénales, juste en avant des reins, sont vitales.
Qu'est-ce que c'est ?
Hypoadrenocorticism: deficient adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids/cortisol and mineralocorticoids/aldosterone). Without aldosterone, potassium rises and sodium/volume fall, causing dehydration, bradycardia, and shock. Common in dogs; rare in cats.
Causes et facteurs de risque
Usually immune-mediated (idiopathic); >90% of cortex destroyed at clinical onset. Also iatrogenic (abrupt steroid withdrawal; overtreatment of Cushing). Breed predisposition in several dogs (e.g. Standard Poodle, Portuguese Water Dog, NSDTR).
Signes à surveiller
- Lethargy, anorexia, weakness, vomiting/diarrhea, dehydration (common)
- Bradycardia, hypothermia, hematemesis, melena, PU/PD (occasional)
- Collapse / hypovolemic shock: Addisonian crisis (emergency)
- Seizures (rare)
Léthargie et faiblesse sont des signes précoces chez les races prédisposées comme le caniche standard.
Comment les vétérinaires diagnostiquent
Chemistry (low Na:K ratio), ECG if hyperkalemia. Gold standard: ACTH stimulation test (flat cortisol). Ultrasound (small adrenals), radiographs (microcardia).
L'ECG repère les troubles du rythme dangereux liés au potassium élevé.
Options de traitement
Crisis: aggressive IV fluids, rapid glucocorticoids (dexamethasone), insulin/glucose if critical K⁺.
Maintenance: mineralocorticoid (DOCP every ~25–30 days or daily fludrocortisone) plus often prednisone/prednisolone. Close electrolyte monitoring; increase glucocorticoid at stress.
Pronostic
Long-term excellent with consistent therapy and stress-dose adjustments.
Prévention
Primary form not preventable. Never stop steroids abruptly. Responsible breeding in affected lines.
Quand appeler le vétérinaire
Emergency: collapse, extreme weakness, continuous vomiting or bloody diarrhea, very slow pulse, pale gums.
Sources
- Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, page 884, 888.
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, pages 425, 427.
My highlights & notes
Signes et symptômes
Races à risque plus élevé
Comment c’est diagnostiqué
- ACTH Stimulation TestRéférence
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Baseline endogenous ACTH concentration
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Low-dose ACTH stimulation test
- Plasma aldosterone concentrations during ACTH stimulation test
- Radiography
- Serum electrolyte concentrations (Na:K ratio)
Approches de traitement
Le traitement doit être prescrit par un vétérinaire agréé selon votre animal. Les doses précises ne sont volontairement pas affichées.
Questions fréquentes
What is Addison Disease?
Addison's disease is an uncommon endocrine disorder where the adrenal glands fail to produce vital hormones. This leads to severe gastrointestinal issues, weakness, and life-threatening electrolyte imbalances. While an Addisonian crisis is a veterinary emergency, the long-term prognosis is excellent with lifelong daily or monthly hormone replacement therapy.
What are the symptoms of Addison Disease?
Loss of appetite、Dehydration、Diarrhoea、Lethargy、Vomiting (throwing up)、Weakness (low energy, no strength)、Weight loss (getting thinner)、Hematemesis
How is Addison Disease diagnosed?
ACTH Stimulation Test、Abdominal Ultrasonography、Baseline endogenous ACTH concentration、Electrocardiogram (ECG)、Low-dose ACTH stimulation test、Plasma aldosterone concentrations during ACTH stimulation test
How is Addison Disease treated?
Le traitement doit être prescrit par un vétérinaire agréé selon votre animal. Les doses précises ne sont volontairement pas affichées.
Sources
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 884
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 425
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 884
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 427
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 888
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 888
Cet article est informatif et ne remplace pas un avis vétérinaire. Si votre animal est malade, consultez un vétérinaire.
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