環磷醯胺
別名: Cytoxan, Neosar, Procytox, Endoxan, Endoxana
藥物類別: Antineoplastic / Immunosuppressive (Alkylating Agent)
> **重要安全警告**：這是一種強效化療藥物。請仔細遵循所有處理指示。 * **處理方式**：請勿剝半或壓碎藥錠。處理後請徹底洗手。在寵物服藥期間，避免直接接觸其尿液、糞便或嘔吐物。 * **排尿**：多帶您的狗散步以鼓勵排尿，尤其是在早晨。這有助於防止膀胱刺激。 * **何時聯繫獸醫**：如果您發現寵物尿血、排尿困難、異常出血、瘀傷、嚴重嗜睡、嘔吐或腹瀉，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Immunosuppressant (ITP or IMHA)
- To slow progression of FIP
- Chemical shearing agent
- Neoplastic diseases
- Antineoplastic (lymphoma) in rabbits
- To inhibit local recurrence in dogs with incompletely resected soft tissue sarcomas
- Antineoplastic
- Immunosuppressant (IMHA/ITP)
- Immunosuppressant (IMHA pulse therapy)
- Polyarthritis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Lymphoma (COP low dose protocol - Induction)
- Lymphoma (COP low dose protocol - Maintenance after 2 months)
- Lymphoma (COP low dose protocol - Maintenance after 6 months)
給藥方式
POIV
可能的副作用
- Myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia)
- Gastroenterocolitis (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (induced by acrolein metabolite)
- Alopecia (especially in continuously growing coats like Poodles and Old English Sheepdogs)
- Pulmonary infiltrates and fibrosis
- Hyponatremia
- Secondary leukemia
- Myelosuppression (nadir usually 5-14 days post-therapy)
- Sterile haemorrhagic cystitis (caused by acrolein metabolite)
- Bladder fibrosis
- Transitional cell carcinoma (secondary to chronic cystitis)
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Hepatotoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Reduction in hair growth rate / Alopecia
- Sterile haemorrhagic cystitis
- Myelosuppression
- Gastrointestinal toxicity
注意事項與禁忌
- Prior anaphylactic reactions to the drug
- Severe pre-existing myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Active infections where immunosuppression may be dangerous
- No specific contraindications available in the monograph, but clinically contraindicated in patients with severe pre-existing myelosuppression or active haemorrhagic cystitis.
- Pre-existing severe myelosuppression
- Active haemorrhagic cystitis
- **WARNING**: Cyclophosphamide is potentially teratogenic and embryotoxic. Safe use in pregnancy is not established. * **Hemorrhagic Cystitis**: Up to 30% of dogs on long-term therapy may develop sterile hemorrhagic cystitis. Encourage frequent urination and water intake. Co-administration of furosemide may reduce risk. * **Myelosuppression**: Monitor CBC closely. Delay doses if severe leukopenia or thrombocytopenia occurs. * **Handling**: Cytotoxic precautions must be taken. Do not split or crush tablets. Avoid direct contact with urine or feces of treated animals.
藥物相互作用
- Allopurinol: May increase the myelosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide
- Doxorubicin: Potentiation of cardiotoxicity may occur
- Chloramphenicol: May inhibit cyclophosphamide metabolism
- Phenobarbital: May increase the rate of metabolism to active metabolites, increasing toxicity risk
- Thiazide Diuretics: May increase the myelosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide
- Succinylcholine: Metabolism may be slowed, prolonging effects due to decreased pseudocholinesterases
- Digoxin: Absorption of orally administered digoxin may be decreased (may occur several days after dosing)
- Barbiturates: Increase cyclophosphamide toxicity due to increased rate of conversion to metabolites
- Phenothiazines: Reduce cyclophosphamide efficacy
- Ondansetron: Reduce cyclophosphamide efficacy
- Insulin: Insulin requirements are altered by concurrent cyclophosphamide
- cimetidine: Inhibits hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme pathway, potentially altering the metabolism and increasing toxicity of chemotherapeutics.
常見問題
環磷醯胺用於寵物有什麼用途？
> 重要安全警告：這是一種強效化療藥物。請仔細遵循所有處理指示。 • 處理方式：請勿剝半或壓碎藥錠。處理後請徹底洗手。在寵物服藥期間，避免直接接觸其尿液、糞便或嘔吐物。 • 排尿：多帶您的狗散步以鼓勵排尿，尤其是在早晨。這有助於防止膀胱刺激。 • 何時聯繫獸醫：如果您發現寵物尿血、排尿困難、異常出血、瘀傷、嚴重嗜睡、嘔吐或腹瀉，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
環磷醯胺對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。