地高辛
別名: Lanoxin, Cardoxin, Lanoxin PG
藥物類別: Cardiac Glycoside
地高辛是一種強效的心臟藥物，用於幫助心臟更有效地泵血並控制不規律的心跳。 * **嚴格遵照醫囑給藥：** 請完全按照獸醫師的指示給藥。未經諮詢獸醫師，請勿自行更改劑量或停藥，因為此藥物的有效劑量與中毒劑量之間的差距非常小。 * **注意中毒跡象：** 如果您的寵物出現任何中毒跡象（通常從腸胃不適開始），請立即聯繫獸醫師。請留意**食慾不振、嘔吐、腹瀉、嗜睡、抑鬱或行為改變**。 * **忘記給藥：** 如果忘記給藥，請勿在下次給藥時服用雙倍劑量。請在下一個預定時間給予正常劑量即可。 * **定期監測：** 您的寵物需要定期進行血液檢查，以監測血液中的地高辛濃度、腎功能和電解質水平，確保劑量安全有效。
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Dilated cardiomyopathy or advanced atrioventricular valve insufficiency
- Starting dose for normal cats weighing less than 3 kg
- Starting dose for normal cats weighing 3 to 6 kg
- Starting dose for normal cats weighing more than 6 kg
- Management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (Emergency/Rare)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Maintenance
- Dilated cardiomyopathy long-term maintenance
- Loading dose
- Maintenance Dose
- Emergency stabilization
- Dilated cardiomyopathy in Hamsters
- Normalize atrial rate
- CHF with atrial fibrillation in dogs with normal renal function
- Initial dosing for dogs weighing less than 20 kg
- Initial dosing for dogs weighing more than 20 kg
- Adjunctive treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy patients with atrial fibrillation
- Adjunctive treatment of atrial fibrillation
- Refractory heart failure or atrial fibrillation (if pimobendan unavailable)
- Supraventricular arrhythmias
- Management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (Emergency/Rare)
給藥方式
POIV
可能的副作用
- Cardiac arrhythmias (complete or incomplete heart block, bigeminy, ST segment changes, paroxysmal ventricular or atrial tachycardias, multifocal VPCs)
- Mild GI upset
- Anorexia
- Weight loss
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting (especially associated with IV injections)
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Depression
- Arrhythmias (AV block, bigeminy, paroxysmal ventricular or atrial tachycardias with block, multiform VPCs)
- Vasoconstriction (with IV administration)
注意事項與禁忌
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Digitalis intoxication
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats (relative contraindication, may increase myocardial oxygen demand and dynamic outflow obstruction)
- Frequent ventricular arrhythmias
- Atrioventricular (AV) block
- Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hypokalaemia
- > **Extreme Caution:** Patients with glomerulonephritis and heart failure, or with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). * **Caution:** Severe pulmonary disease, hypoxia, acute myocarditis, myxedema, acute myocardial infarction, frequent VPCs, V-tach, chronic constrictive pericarditis, or incomplete AV block. * **Renal Disease:** Principally eliminated by the kidneys; use with caution and monitor serum levels closely in patients with renal impairment. * **Electrolyte/Endocrine Imbalances:** Animals that are hypernatremic, hypokalemic, hypercalcemic, hyper- or hypothyroid may require smaller dosages; monitor carefully. * **Cardioversion:** Elective cardioversion of patients with atrial fibrillation should be postponed until digoxin has been withheld for 1-2 days. * **Dosing Weight:** Dosing is generally based upon **lean body weight** as digoxin does not distribute well into ascitic fluid or fat.
藥物相互作用
- Aminosalicylic Acid: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Antacids: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Chloramphenicol: May reduce digoxin serum levels in dogs
- Cholestyramine: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Cimetidine: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Metoclopramide: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Neomycin (Oral): May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Phenobarbital: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- St John's Wort: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Sucralfate: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Sulfasalazine: May reduce digoxin serum levels
- Amiodarone: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Anticholinergics: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Captopril (or other ACEIs): May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Coleus: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Cyclosporine: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Diazepam: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Diltiazem: May increase serum levels (data conflicts); additive negative effects on AV conduction
- Erythromycin: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Furosemide: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects; hypokalemia predisposes to digitalis toxicity
- Hawthorn: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Ketoconazole/Itraconazole: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Omeprazole (or other PPIs): May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Quinidine: May increase serum levels; rule of thumb is to decrease digoxin dose by 50% if used together
- Reserpine: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Succinylcholine: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Tetracycline: May increase serum levels, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Verapamil: May increase serum levels; additive negative effects on AV conduction
- Beta-Blockers: Additive negative effects on AV conduction, complete heart block possible
- Penicillamine: May decrease serum levels of digoxin independent of route of digoxin dosing
- Potassium/Electrolyte altering drugs (e.g., amphotericin B, glucocorticoids, laxatives, insulin): May predispose the patient to digitalis toxicity via electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia)
- Spironolactone: May enhance or decrease the toxic effects of digoxin
- Thyroid Supplements: Patients on digoxin that receive thyroid replacement therapy may need their digoxin dosage adjusted
- Chemotherapy agents (cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, doxorubicin, vincristine): May decrease digoxin absorption from the GI tract
- Antimuscarinics: May increase serum level, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Loop and thiazide diuretics: Can cause hypokalaemia, which strongly predisposes to digoxin toxicity
- Oxytetracycline: May increase serum level, decrease elimination rate, or enhance toxic effects
- Cyclophosphamide: May decrease digoxin absorption from the GI tract
- Cytarabine: May decrease digoxin absorption from the GI tract
- Doxorubicin: May decrease digoxin absorption from the GI tract
- Vincristine: May decrease digoxin absorption from the GI tract
- Loop diuretics: May cause hypokalaemia, which enhances the toxic effects of digoxin
- Thiazide diuretics: May cause hypokalaemia, which enhances the toxic effects of digoxin
常見問題
地高辛用於寵物有甚麼用途？
地高辛是一種強效的心臟藥物，用於幫助心臟更有效地泵血並控制不規律的心跳。 • 嚴格遵照醫囑給藥： 請完全按照獸醫師的指示給藥。未經諮詢獸醫師，請勿自行更改劑量或停藥，因為此藥物的有效劑量與中毒劑量之間的差距非常小。 • 注意中毒跡象： 如果您的寵物出現任何中毒跡象（通常從腸胃不適開始），請立即聯繫獸醫師。請留意食慾不振、嘔吐、腹瀉、嗜睡、抑鬱或行為改變。 • 忘記給藥： 如果忘記給藥，請勿在下次給藥時服用雙倍劑量。請在下一個預定時間給予正常劑量即可。 • 定期監測： 您的寵物需要定期進行血液檢查，以監測血液中的地高辛濃度、腎功能和電解質水平，確保劑量安全有效。
地高辛對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。