Atrial Fibrillation
Također poznato kao: AF, Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Ukratko
Atrial fibrillation is a common, serious heart arrhythmia in dogs and cats characterized by rapid, chaotic electrical signals in the upper heart chambers. While it often stems from underlying heart disease, some giant breed dogs experience "lone" atrial fibrillation with a more favorable outlook.
TL;DR. Česta aritmija: pretklijetke kucaju kaotično; liječenje kontrolira frekvenciju klijetki i štiti srčanu funkciju.
Uređeni signali zamjenjuju se brzim, kaotičnim impulsima.
Što je to?
Pretklijetke fibriliraju bez učinkovite kontrakcije; AV čvor propušta previše impulsa; klijetke kucaju brzo i nepravilno.
"This common arrhythmia is characterized by rapid and chaotic electrical activation within the atria. There are no P waves on the ECG because there is no uniform atrial depolarization wave. Rather, the baseline usually shows irregular undulations (fibrillation waves). Lack of organized electrical activity prevents effective atrial contraction."
Uzroci i čimbenici rizika
Često sekundarno strukturalnoj bolesti (DCM, zalisci, kongenitalno, HCM). Lone AF u divovskih pasmina. Predispozicija: Doberman Pinscher, Great Dane, Irish Wolfhound.
Znakovi
- Kardinalno: potpuno nepravilan ritam
- Često: deficit pulsa, slabost
- Povremeno: kašalj, dispneja, sinkopa, ascites
Pratite frekvenciju disanja u mirovanju kod kuće.
Dijagnostika
Auskultacija + EKG (zlatni standard). RTG, eho, Holter.
Liječenje
Kontrola frekvencije, ne rutinska konverzija.
"In patients with underlying cardiac dysfunction, cardiac output tends to decrease considerably when AF develops. Long-lasting conversion to sinus rhythm is rare in the face of marked underlying cardiac disease, even after successful electrical cardioversion. Therefore treatment in most cases is directed at reducing the ventricular response rate by slowing AV conduction..."
Prva linija: Diltiazem; Digoxin.
Druga linija: amiodarone, Sotalol, Lidocaine.
Prognoza
Oprezna kod strukturalne bolesti; bolja kod lone AF niske frekvencije.
Prevencija
Rano otkrivanje u rizičnih pasmina.
Kada nazvati veterinara
Hitno: dispneja; frekvencija disanja u mirovanju >30–40/min; kolaps/sinkopa; ascites; blijede/plave sluznice.
Izvori
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 57, 115, 116.
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, page 261.
My highlights & notes
Znakovi i simptomi
Pasmine s višim rizikom
Kako se dijagnosticira
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)Zlatni standard
- Auscultation
- Holter monitoring
- Thoracic radiography
Pristupi liječenju
Liječenje mora propisati licencirani veterinar. Specifične doze namjerno nisu prikazane.
Česta pitanja
What is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is a common, serious heart arrhythmia in dogs and cats characterized by rapid, chaotic electrical signals in the upper heart chambers. While it often stems from underlying heart disease, some giant breed dogs experience "lone" atrial fibrillation with a more favorable outlook.
What are the symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation?
irregular heart rhythm、Decreased exercise tolerance、Weakness (low energy, no strength)、pulse deficits、rapid heart rate、Bloated belly、Cough、Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
How is Atrial Fibrillation diagnosed?
Electrocardiogram (ECG)、Auscultation、Holter monitoring、Thoracic radiography
How is Atrial Fibrillation treated?
Liječenje mora propisati licencirani veterinar. Specifične doze namjerno nisu prikazane.
Izvori
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 261
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 57
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 115
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 116
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 115
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