Aspiration Pneumonia
Também conhecido como: Aspiration pneumonitis
Em resumo
Aspiration pneumonia is a serious, life-threatening lung infection in dogs and cats caused by inhaling foreign material like food or stomach acid. Learn the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.
TL;DR. Infeção pulmonar grave por inalação de comida, vómito ou ácido gástrico; cuidados imediatos.
O material estranho ultrapassa a laringe e inflama o pulmão.
O que é?
Chemical pneumonitis plus often bacterial pneumonia after inhaling food, vomit, or gastric acid. Airway protection fails (GI disease, neurology, larynx, anesthesia).
Causas e fatores de risco
Almost always secondary. GI disorders >60% (megaesophagus ~26% leading). Neurologic ~18%, laryngeal ~13%; often multiple factors including recent anesthesia. Periodontal disease raises bacterial load.
Sinais a vigilar
- Cough, respiratory distress, lethargy, fever, hypoxemia, crackles (common)
- Cyanosis, collapse, regurgitation, shock (occasional)
Postura ortopneica: pescoço estendido para facilitar a respiração.
Como os veterinários diagnosticam
Auscultation (may be normal), thoracic radiographs (often right middle lobe), SpO₂, arterial blood gas, tracheal wash/culture, bronchoscopy if needed.
Opções de tratamento
Oxygen, IV fluids. Broad-spectrum antibiotics culture-guided. Glucocorticoids only with extreme caution for pure chemical pneumonitis. Nebulization and coupage when stable.
Prognóstico
Favorable with early aggressive care (survival ~77–82% in referral settings); worse with ARDS/ventilation. Recurrence if cause uncontrolled.
Prevenção
Megaesophagus: upright feeding. Pre-anesthetic fasting. Dental care. Investigate vomiting/regurgitation early.
Quando chamar o veterinário
Grade-5 emergency: severe dyspnea, moist cough, blue mucous membranes, collapse, fever with apathy.
Fontes
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 357, 358.
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, pages 151, 152.
My highlights & notes
Sinais e sintomas
Como é diagnosticado
- Arterial blood gas analysis
- Bronchoscopy
- Pulse Oximetry
- Thoracic radiography
- Tracheal wash
Abordagens de tratamento
O tratamento deve ser prescrito por um veterinário licenciado. As doses específicas não são mostradas de propósito.
Perguntas frequentes
What is Aspiration Pneumonia?
Aspiration pneumonia is a serious, life-threatening lung infection in dogs and cats caused by inhaling foreign material like food or stomach acid. Learn the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.
What are the symptoms of Aspiration Pneumonia?
Abnormal lung sounds、Loss of appetite、Cough、Crackles、Low mood and dullness、Low blood oxygen、Lethargy、Pyrexia
How is Aspiration Pneumonia diagnosed?
Arterial blood gas analysis、Bronchoscopy、Pulse Oximetry、Thoracic radiography、Tracheal wash
How is Aspiration Pneumonia treated?
O tratamento deve ser prescrito por um veterinário licenciado. As doses específicas não são mostradas de propósito.
Fontes
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 358
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 357
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 151
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 152
Este artigo é educação geral e não substitui aconselhamento veterinário. Se o animal estiver doente, consulte um veterinário.
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