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Aspiration Pneumonia

Aussi appelé: Aspiration pneumonitis

CatDogUrgence: EmergencyFréquence: Common

En bref

Aspiration pneumonia is a serious, life-threatening lung infection in dogs and cats caused by inhaling foreign material like food or stomach acid. Learn the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.

Anatomical diagram of a dog's respiratory tract showing where aspiration occurs.
Aspiration occurs when foreign material bypasses the larynx and enters the lungs, causing severe inflammation.

TL;DR. Infection pulmonaire grave après inhalation d'aliments, vomissures ou acide gastrique; soins immédiats.

Le matériel étranger franchit le larynx et enflamme le poumon.

Qu'est-ce que c'est ?

Chemical pneumonitis plus often bacterial pneumonia after inhaling food, vomit, or gastric acid. Airway protection fails (GI, neuro, larynx, anesthesia).

Causes et facteurs de risque

Almost always secondary. GI disorders >60% (megaesophagus ~26% leading). Neurologic ~18%, laryngeal ~13%; often multiple factors including recent anesthesia. Periodontal disease raises bacterial load.

Signes à surveiller

  • Cough, respiratory distress, lethargy, fever, hypoxemia, crackles (common)
  • Cyanosis, collapse, regurgitation, shock (occasional)

A dog showing signs of respiratory distress with an extended neck and flared elbows.
Posture orthopnéique: cou étendu pour faciliter la respiration.

Comment les vétérinaires diagnostiquent

Auscultation (may be normal), thoracic radiographs (often right middle lobe), SpO₂, arterial blood gas, tracheal wash/culture, bronchoscopy if needed.

Options de traitement

Oxygen, IV fluids. Broad-spectrum antibiotics culture-guided. Glucocorticoids only with extreme caution for pure chemical pneumonitis. Nebulization and coupage when stable.

Pronostic

Favorable with early aggressive care (survival ~77–82% in referral settings); worse with ARDS/ventilation. Recurrence if cause uncontrolled.

Prévention

Megaesophagus: upright feeding. Pre-anesthetic fasting. Dental care. Investigate vomiting/regurgitation early.

Quand appeler le vétérinaire

Grade-5 emergency: severe dyspnea, moist cough, blue mucous membranes, collapse, fever with apathy.

Sources

  • Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 357, 358.
  • Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, pages 151, 152.

My highlights & notes

Signes et symptômes

Comment c’est diagnostiqué

  • Arterial blood gas analysis
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Pulse Oximetry
  • Thoracic radiography
  • Tracheal wash

Approches de traitement

Le traitement doit être prescrit par un vétérinaire agréé selon votre animal. Les doses précises ne sont volontairement pas affichées.

Questions fréquentes

What is Aspiration Pneumonia?

Aspiration pneumonia is a serious, life-threatening lung infection in dogs and cats caused by inhaling foreign material like food or stomach acid. Learn the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.

What are the symptoms of Aspiration Pneumonia?

Abnormal lung sounds、Loss of appetite、Cough、Crackles、Low mood and dullness、Low blood oxygen、Lethargy、Pyrexia

How is Aspiration Pneumonia diagnosed?

Arterial blood gas analysis、Bronchoscopy、Pulse Oximetry、Thoracic radiography、Tracheal wash

How is Aspiration Pneumonia treated?

Le traitement doit être prescrit par un vétérinaire agréé selon votre animal. Les doses précises ne sont volontairement pas affichées.

Sources

  1. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 358
  2. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 357
  3. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 151
  4. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 152

Cet article est informatif et ne remplace pas un avis vétérinaire. Si votre animal est malade, consultez un vétérinaire.

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