Aspiration Pneumonia
También conocido como: Aspiration pneumonitis
En resumen
Aspiration pneumonia is a serious, life-threatening lung infection in dogs and cats caused by inhaling foreign material like food or stomach acid. Learn the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.
TL;DR. Infección pulmonar grave al inhalar comida, vómito o ácido gástrico; atención inmediata.
El material extraño sobrepasa la laringe e inflama el pulmón.
¿Qué es?
Chemical pneumonitis plus often bacterial pneumonia after inhaling food, vomit, or gastric acid. Airway protection fails (GI disease, neurology, larynx, anesthesia).
Causas y factores de riesgo
Almost always secondary. GI disorders >60% (megaesophagus ~26% leading). Neurologic ~18%, laryngeal ~13%; often multiple factors including recent anesthesia. Periodontal disease raises bacterial load.
Signos a vigilar
- Cough, respiratory distress, lethargy, fever, hypoxemia, crackles (common)
- Cyanosis, collapse, regurgitation, shock (occasional)
Postura ortopneica: cuello extendido para facilitar la respiración.
Cómo lo diagnostican los veterinarios
Auscultation (may be normal), thoracic radiographs (often right middle lobe), SpO₂, arterial blood gas, tracheal wash/culture, bronchoscopy if needed.
Opciones de tratamiento
Oxygen, IV fluids. Broad-spectrum antibiotics culture-guided. Glucocorticoids only with extreme caution for pure chemical pneumonitis. Nebulization and coupage when stable.
Pronóstico
Favorable with early aggressive care (survival ~77–82% in referral settings); worse with ARDS/ventilation. Recurrence if cause uncontrolled.
Prevención
Megaesophagus: upright feeding. Pre-anesthetic fasting. Dental care. Investigate vomiting/regurgitation early.
Cuándo llamar al veterinario
Grade-5 emergency: severe dyspnea, moist cough, blue mucous membranes, collapse, fever with apathy.
Fuentes
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 357, 358.
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, pages 151, 152.
My highlights & notes
Signos y síntomas
Cómo se diagnostica
- Arterial blood gas analysis
- Bronchoscopy
- Pulse Oximetry
- Thoracic radiography
- Tracheal wash
Enfoques de tratamiento
El tratamiento debe recetarlo un veterinario colegiado según tu mascota. Las dosis concretas no se muestran a propósito.
Preguntas frecuentes
What is Aspiration Pneumonia?
Aspiration pneumonia is a serious, life-threatening lung infection in dogs and cats caused by inhaling foreign material like food or stomach acid. Learn the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.
What are the symptoms of Aspiration Pneumonia?
Abnormal lung sounds、Loss of appetite、Cough、Crackles、Low mood and dullness、Low blood oxygen、Lethargy、Pyrexia
How is Aspiration Pneumonia diagnosed?
Arterial blood gas analysis、Bronchoscopy、Pulse Oximetry、Thoracic radiography、Tracheal wash
How is Aspiration Pneumonia treated?
El tratamiento debe recetarlo un veterinario colegiado según tu mascota. Las dosis concretas no se muestran a propósito.
Fuentes
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 358
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 357
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 151
- Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 152
Este artículo es educación general y no sustituye el consejo veterinario profesional. Si tu mascota está mal, consulta a un veterinario.
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