Aspiration Pneumonia

TL;DR. Yiyecek, kusmuk veya mide asidi solunduktan sonra ciddi akciğer enfeksiyonu; acil bakım gerekir.

Yabancı materyal larenksi geçer ve akciğeri şiddetle iltihaplandırır.

Nedir?

Chemical pneumonitis plus often bacterial pneumonia after inhaling food, vomit, or gastric acid. Airway protection fails (GI disease, neurology, larynx, anesthesia).

Nedenler ve risk faktörleri

Almost always secondary. GI disorders >60% (megaesophagus ~26% leading). Neurologic ~18%, laryngeal ~13%; often multiple factors including recent anesthesia. Periodontal disease raises bacterial load.

İzlenmesi gereken belirtiler

• Cough, respiratory distress, lethargy, fever, hypoxemia, crackles (common)
• Cyanosis, collapse, regurgitation, shock (occasional)

Ortopne duruşu: boyun uzatmak nefes almayı kolaylaştırır.

Veterinerler nasıl tanılar

Auscultation (may be normal), thoracic radiographs (often right middle lobe), SpO₂, arterial blood gas, tracheal wash/culture, bronchoscopy if needed.

Tedavi seçenekleri

Oxygen, IV fluids. Broad-spectrum antibiotics culture-guided. Glucocorticoids only with extreme caution for pure chemical pneumonitis. Nebulization and coupage when stable.

Prognoz

Favorable with early aggressive care (survival ~77–82% in referral settings); worse with ARDS/ventilation. Recurrence if cause uncontrolled.

Önleme

Megaesophagus: upright feeding. Pre-anesthetic fasting. Dental care. Investigate vomiting/regurgitation early.

Ne zaman veterinere başvurmalı

Grade-5 emergency: severe dyspnea, moist cough, blue mucous membranes, collapse, fever with apathy.

Kaynaklar

• Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 357, 358.
• Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, pages 151, 152.

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