Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia canis
Juga dikenali sebagai: Canine monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Canine granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Canine ehrlichiosis
Ringkasnya
Ehrlichiosis is a common tick-borne bacterial infection in dogs and cats that attacks blood cells, causing symptoms like fever, abnormal bleeding, and lethargy across acute, subclinical, and chronic phases.
TL;DR. Jangkitan bakteria serius dibawa semutai yang menyerang sel darah; dari demam hingga pendarahan dan kegagalan sumsum tulang.
Semutai ialah vektor utama Ehrlichia.
Apakah itu?
Jangkitan bakteria intrasel genus Ehrlichia (terutamanya E. canis), dibawa semutai coklat anjing. Menyerang leukosit (morula). Fasa: akut, subklinikal, kronik dengan penindasan sumsum. Kurang didokumenkan pada kucing.
Punca dan faktor risiko
Gigitan semutai berjangkit. Risiko lebih tinggi di luar tanpa pencegahan. Tiada baka tetap.
"In one study of 8662 dogssamplessubmitted from 14 veterinary colleges, 6 private veterinary practices, and 4 diagnostic laboratories across the south and central regions of the United States, antibody prevalence rates for E. canis and E. chaffeensis were 0. 8% and 2. 8%, respectively (Beal et al, 2012)."
Tanda
- Demam, limfadenopati, trombositopenia, petekia (biasa)
- Anemia tidak regeneratif, hiperglobulinemia, splenomegali (biasa)
- Epistaksis, poliartritis, proteinuria (kadang)
Petekia pada gusi mencerminkan platelet rendah.
Diagnosis
Hemogram dan biokimia. ELISA/SNAP, IFA, PCR, smear, sumsum jika kronik.
"Changes in bone marrow cell lines associated with ehrlichiosis vary from hypercellular (acute phase) to hypocellular (chronic phase)."
Smear boleh menunjukkan morula dalam leukosit.
Rawatan
Doxycycline ≥28 hari (ACVIM). Alternatif: tetracycline, chloramphenicol, imidocarb. Glukokortikoid singkat jika pemusnahan imun. Sokongan: cecair, transfusi.
"The ACVIM Infectious Disease Study Group currently recommends doxycycline (10 mg/kg PO q24h for at least 28 days)."
Prognosis
Akut: cemerlang. Kronik sumsum: berjaga-jaga hingga buruk.
Pencegahan
Pencegahan semutai sepanjang tahun, semakan harian, persekitaran. Tiada vaksin.
Bila hubungi doktor haiwan
Demam atau letargi selepas semutai. Kecemasan: epistaksis, petekia, kolaps, sesak nafas.
Sumber
- Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, pages 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367.
My highlights & notes
Tanda & simptom
Cara didiagnosis
- Bone marrow aspirate
- Buffy coat smear or blood smear
- ELISA (SNAP 3Dx)
- IFA (Immunofluorescence assay)
- PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)
Pendekatan rawatan
Rawatan mesti dipreskripsikan doktor haiwan berlesen. Dos khusus sengaja tidak dipaparkan.
Soalan lazim
What is Ehrlichiosis?
Ehrlichiosis is a common tick-borne bacterial infection in dogs and cats that attacks blood cells, causing symptoms like fever, abnormal bleeding, and lethargy across acute, subclinical, and chronic phases.
What are the symptoms of Ehrlichiosis?
Fever、Hyperglobulinemia、Low blood albumin、Monocytosis、Nonregenerative anemia、Petechiae、Enlarged spleen、Low platelets
How is Ehrlichiosis diagnosed?
Bone marrow aspirate、Buffy coat smear or blood smear、ELISA (SNAP 3Dx)、IFA (Immunofluorescence assay)、PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)
How is Ehrlichiosis treated?
Rawatan mesti dipreskripsikan doktor haiwan berlesen. Dos khusus sengaja tidak dipaparkan.
Sumber
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1367
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1367
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1365
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1366
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1364
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