Aplastic Anemia
Juga dikenali sebagai: Bone marrow aplasia-hypoplasia, Aplastic pancytopenia, Panhypoplasia of the bone marrow lineages
Ringkasnya
Aplastic anemia is an uncommon but life-threatening bone marrow disorder in dogs and cats where blood-producing tissue is replaced by fat, leading to a severe shortage of all blood cell types. Learn about symptoms like pale gums and bleeding, how vets diagnose it using bone marrow biopsies, and the treatment options available.
TL;DR. Anemia aplastik ialah keadaan serius dan jarang pada anjing dan kucing di mana sumsum tulang berhenti menghasilkan sel darah, diganti lemak, dan menyebabkan kekurangan sel darah merah, putih dan platelet yang mengancam nyawa.
Letargi dan kelemahan ialah tanda awal biasa gangguan darah serius.
Apakah itu?
Sumsum menghasilkan eritrosit, leukosit dan platelet. Dalam anemia aplastik tisu aktif diganti lemak/fibrosis/nekrosis dan timbul pansitopenia.
"suggests a defect either in the marrow precursor cells themselves or in the supportive microenvironment that the cells depend on, including cytokines, hormones, and growth factors. The remaining marrow (≥75%) is composed of fatty tissue, fibrosis, necrosis, or gelatinous transformation (serous atrophy of fat)."
Punca dan faktor risiko
Jangkitan (FeLV kucing, Ehrlichia canis anjing), ubat (kemoterapi, antibiotik tertentu, estrogen, NSAID seperti fenilbutazon), toksin/radiasi, imun; sering idiopatik. Tiada predisposisi baka diketahui.
Tanda
- Pansitopenia, anemia (kardinal): kelemahan, membran pucat.
- Trombositopenia, neutropenia (biasa)
- Demam, pendarahan spontan, petekia (kadang-kadang)
Gusi pucat dan petekia menandakan kekurangan eritrosit dan platelet.
Diagnosis
CBC (anemia bukan regeneratif + pansitopenia), FeLV kucing, Ehrlichia anjing. Piawaian emas: biopsi sumsum dengan histopatologi.
Biopsi menunjukkan penggantian sel penghasil darah dengan lemak.
Rawatan
Glukokortikoid jika imun; transfusi, antibiotik pencegahan, hentikan ubat mielotoksik.
Prognosis
Buruk pada FeLV; idiopatik/imun berjaga-jaga penuh harapan dengan sokongan agresif.
Pencegahan
Kucing dalam rumah + vaksin FeLV; pencegahan sengkenit sepanjang tahun pada anjing; jangan ubat manusia tanpa doktor haiwan.
Bila menghubungi doktor haiwan
Kecemasan jika membran sangat pucat, rebah, pendarahan, petekia, sesak nafas atau demam dengan letargi.
Sumber
- Cowell and Tyler's Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat, 5th Edition, p. 494
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, p. 1276
My highlights & notes
Tanda & simptom
Cara didiagnosis
- Bone marrow core biopsy with histopathologyStandard emas
- Bone marrow aspirate
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Ehrlichia canis titer
- FeLV p27 determination
Pendekatan rawatan
Rawatan mesti dipreskripsikan doktor haiwan berlesen. Dos khusus sengaja tidak dipaparkan.
Soalan lazim
What is Aplastic Anemia?
Aplastic anemia is an uncommon but life-threatening bone marrow disorder in dogs and cats where blood-producing tissue is replaced by fat, leading to a severe shortage of all blood cell types. Learn about symptoms like pale gums and bleeding, how vets diagnose it using bone marrow biopsies, and the treatment options available.
What are the symptoms of Aplastic Anemia?
Anaemia (pale gums)、Pancytopenia、Low platelets、Low neutrophils、Pallor、Fever、Spontaneous bleeding
How is Aplastic Anemia diagnosed?
Bone marrow core biopsy with histopathology、Bone marrow aspirate、Complete Blood Count (CBC)、Ehrlichia canis titer、FeLV p27 determination
How is Aplastic Anemia treated?
Rawatan mesti dipreskripsikan doktor haiwan berlesen. Dos khusus sengaja tidak dipaparkan.
Sumber
- Cowell and Tyler s Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 494
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1276
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1276
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