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Aplastic Anemia

Juga dikenal sebagai: Bone marrow aplasia-hypoplasia, Aplastic pancytopenia, Panhypoplasia of the bone marrow lineages

CatDogUrgensi: HighSeberapa umum: Uncommon

Singkatnya

Aplastic anemia is an uncommon but life-threatening bone marrow disorder in dogs and cats where blood-producing tissue is replaced by fat, leading to a severe shortage of all blood cell types. Learn about symptoms like pale gums and bleeding, how vets diagnose it using bone marrow biopsies, and the treatment options available.

A dog and a cat sitting together looking very tired and lethargic.
Lethargy and weakness are common early signs of severe blood disorders like aplastic anemia.

TL;DR. Anemia aplastik adalah kondisi serius dan jarang pada anjing dan kucing di mana sumsum tulang berhenti memproduksi sel darah, diganti lemak, dan menyebabkan kekurangan eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit yang mengancam jiwa.

Letargi dan kelemahan adalah tanda awal umum gangguan darah serius.

Apa itu?

Sumsum menghasilkan eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit. Pada anemia aplastik jaringan aktif diganti lemak/fibrosis/nekrosis dan timbul pansitopenia.

"suggests a defect either in the marrow precursor cells themselves or in the supportive microenvironment that the cells depend on, including cytokines, hormones, and growth factors. The remaining marrow (≥75%) is composed of fatty tissue, fibrosis, necrosis, or gelatinous transformation (serous atrophy of fat)."

Penyebab dan faktor risiko

Infeksi (FeLV kucing, Ehrlichia canis anjing), obat (kemoterapi, antibiotik tertentu, estrogen, NSAID seperti fenilbutazon), toksin/radiasi, imun; sering idiopatik. Tidak ada predisposisi ras yang diketahui.

Tanda

  • Pansitopenia, anemia (kardinal): kelemahan, membran pucat.
  • Trombositopenia, neutropenia (umum)
  • Demam, perdarahan spontan, petekie (kadang)

Close-up of pale canine gums with tiny pinpoint red bruises called petechiae.
Gusi pucat dan petekie menandakan kekurangan eritrosit dan trombosit.

Diagnosis

CBC (anemia non-regeneratif + pansitopenia), FeLV kucing, Ehrlichia anjing. Standar emas: biopsi sumsum dengan histopatologi.

Microscopic view of canine bone marrow showing mostly fat cells and very few blood-producing cells.
Biopsi menunjukkan penggantian sel pembentuk darah dengan lemak.

Pengobatan

Glukokortikoid jika imun; transfusi, antibiotik pencegahan, hentikan obat mielotoksik.

Prognosis

Buruk pada FeLV; idiopatik/imun hati-hati penuh harapan dengan dukungan agresif.

Pencegahan

Kucing indoor + vaksin FeLV; pencegahan caplak sepanjang tahun pada anjing; jangan obat manusia tanpa dokter hewan.

Kapan menghubungi dokter hewan

Darurat jika membran sangat pucat, rebah, perdarahan, petekie, sesak napas, atau demam dengan letargi.

Sumber

  • Cowell and Tyler's Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat, 5th Edition, p. 494
  • Small Animal Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, p. 1276

My highlights & notes

Tanda & gejala

Cara didiagnosis

  • Bone marrow core biopsy with histopathologyStandar emas
  • Bone marrow aspirate
  • Complete Blood Count (CBC)
  • Ehrlichia canis titer
  • FeLV p27 determination

Pendekatan pengobatan

Pengobatan harus diresepkan dokter hewan berlisensi. Dosis spesifik sengaja tidak ditampilkan.

Pertanyaan umum

What is Aplastic Anemia?

Aplastic anemia is an uncommon but life-threatening bone marrow disorder in dogs and cats where blood-producing tissue is replaced by fat, leading to a severe shortage of all blood cell types. Learn about symptoms like pale gums and bleeding, how vets diagnose it using bone marrow biopsies, and the treatment options available.

What are the symptoms of Aplastic Anemia?

Anaemia (pale gums)、Pancytopenia、Low platelets、Low neutrophils、Pallor、Fever、Spontaneous bleeding

How is Aplastic Anemia diagnosed?

Bone marrow core biopsy with histopathology、Bone marrow aspirate、Complete Blood Count (CBC)、Ehrlichia canis titer、FeLV p27 determination

How is Aplastic Anemia treated?

Pengobatan harus diresepkan dokter hewan berlisensi. Dosis spesifik sengaja tidak ditampilkan.

Sumber

  1. Cowell and Tyler s Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat, 5th Edition (VetBooks.ir) · p. 494
  2. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1276
  3. Internal Medicine 5th · p. 1276

Artikel ini edukasi umum, bukan pengganti saran dokter hewan. Jika hewan sakit, konsultasikan dokter hewan.

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