Bloat

TL;DR. GDV ist ein plötzlicher Notfall: der Magen füllt sich mit Gas und dreht sich; sofortige Operation nötig.

Deep-chested large-breed dogs are anatomically predisposed.

Was ist das?

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV): the stomach fills with gas/fluid then twists, trapping contents, compressing major vessels, causing shock and gastric necrosis. True surgical emergency.

Ursachen und Risikofaktoren

Idiopathic multifactorial. Deep-chested large/giant breeds. Risk: one large meal/day, rapid eating, exercise around meals, first-degree relative with GDV, age, stress.

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• Unproductive retching (cardinal)
• Distended, tight abdomen; restlessness; hypersalivation
• Tachycardia, pale gums, weak pulses
• Collapse (occasional)

Swollen tight abdomen with unproductive retching is classic.

Diagnose

Stabilize first. Right lateral abdominal radiograph (double bubble / reverse C). Lactate trends, CBC/chem, coagulation.

Radiographs distinguish simple dilatation from volvulus.

Behandlung

IV fluids, antibiotics (e.g. Cefazolin), decompression (orogastric tube or trocarization), then surgery: untwist, assess viability, gastropexy. Post-op monitoring; Metoclopramide if needed.

Prognose

About 85% survive with prompt surgery. Worse with necrosis, DIC, septic peritonitis, or severe debilitation.

Vorbeugung

Prophylactic gastropexy in high-risk breeds; multiple small meals; limit exercise around feeding; reduce meal stress.

Wann den Tierarzt rufen

Absolute emergency. Go to emergency care immediately for unproductive retching or sudden abdominal distension. Call ahead.

Bei bestimmten Rassen

Highest concern: Great Dane, Weimaraner, Gordon/Irish Setter, Standard Poodle, German Shepherd, St. Bernard. Discuss prophylactic gastropexy at spay/neuter.

Quellen

• Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Edition, pp. 720-722.

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