Amoxicillin
別名: Amoxil, Amoxi-Tabs, Amoxi-Drop, Amoxi-Mast, Trimox, Moxatag, Amoxibactin, Amoxycare, Amoxypen, Betamox, Bimoxyl, Clamoxyl
* **Administration**: Amoxicillin can be given with or without food. However, if your pet experiences stomach upset (vomiting or loss of appetite), giving the medication with a meal may help. * **Storage**: If you are using the liquid oral suspension, it is best to keep it refrigerated, though room temperature is acceptable. **Discard any unused liquid after 14 days**. * **Completion of Therapy**: Always finish the entire prescription as directed by your veterinarian, even if your pet seems completely better. Stopping early can lead to resistant bacterial infections. * **Side Effects**: Mild diarrhea or vomiting can occur. If these symptoms become severe, or if you notice signs of an allergic reaction (like facial swelling, hives, or difficulty breathing), contact your veterinarian immediately. * **Species Warning**: Never share this medication with small pets like rabbits, guinea pigs, or hamsters, as it can be fatal to them.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Gram-positive infections
- Gram-negative infections
- Susceptible UTI's
- Susceptible systemic infections (bacteremia/sepsis)
- Susceptible orthopedic infections
- Lyme disease
- Susceptible urinary tract infections
- Preventative therapy for repeated (>2 per 6 months) urinary tract Gram-positive bacterial infections
- Susceptible bacterial infections
- Susceptible bacterial infections (depot preparations)
- Susceptible bacterial infections
- Bacterial cystitis
- Susceptible infections
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Gastrointestinal upset (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and gut flora alteration
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, anaphylaxis)
- Eosinophilia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemias
- Lymphadenopathy
- Neurotoxicity (e.g., ataxia) at very high doses or prolonged use
- Elevated liver enzymes (rare)
- Tachypnea, dyspnea, edema, and tachycardia (reported in dogs)
注意事項與禁忌
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillins
- Oral administration in hindgut fermenters (rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, hamsters) due to risk of fatal clostridial enterotoxemia
- Oral administration in patients with septicemia, shock, or grave illness (due to delayed/diminished GI absorption)
- > **Species Warning**: Never administer amoxicillin (or other penicillins) orally to rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, or hamsters, as it can cause severe, often fatal, clostridial enterotoxemia. * **Cross-Reactivity**: Use with caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems). * **Pregnancy**: Crosses the placenta. Categorized as FDA Category B (human) and Class A (veterinary - probably safe), but should be used only when potential benefits outweigh risks. * **Laboratory Tests**: May cause false-positive urine glucose determinations when using cupric sulfate solutions (e.g., Clinitest).
藥物相互作用
- Bacteriostatic antimicrobials (e.g., chloramphenicol, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides): Potential in vitro antagonism; concurrent use has historically been discouraged, though clinical significance is debated.
- Methotrexate: Amoxicillin may decrease the renal excretion of methotrexate, leading to increased levels and potential toxicity.
- Probenecid: Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of penicillins, increasing serum levels and prolonging serum half-life.
- Aminoglycosides: In vitro inactivation of aminoglycosides by beta-lactams; may falsely decrease aminoglycoside serum concentrations if samples are stored prior to analysis.
- Tetracycline: Potential antagonism of bactericidal activity (bacteriostatic vs bactericidal)
- Erythromycin: Potential antagonism of bactericidal activity
- Chloramphenicol: Potential antagonism of bactericidal activity
- Aminoglycosides (in vitro): Inactivation of aminoglycoside if mixed in the same syringe
- Aminoglycosides (in vivo): Synergistic antimicrobial effect when used concurrently
常見問題
Amoxicillin用於寵物有甚麼用途？
* **Administration**: Amoxicillin can be given with or without food. However, if your pet experiences stomach upset (vomiting or loss of appetite), giving the medication with a meal may help. * **Storage**: If you are using the liquid oral suspension, it is best to keep it refrigerated, though room temperature is acceptable. **Discard any unused liquid after 14 days**. * **Completion of Therapy**: Always finish the entire prescription as directed by your veterinarian, even if your pet seems completely better. Stopping early can lead to resistant bacterial infections. * **Side Effects**: Mild diarrhea or vomiting can occur. If these symptoms become severe, or if you notice signs of an allergic reaction (like facial swelling, hives, or difficulty breathing), contact your veterinarian immediately. * **Species Warning**: Never share this medication with small pets like rabbits, guinea pigs, or hamsters, as it can be fatal to them.
Amoxicillin對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。