Transitional Cell Carcinoma

TL;DR. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a serious, invasive cancer of the urinary tract in dogs and cats that requires specialized diagnostics to prevent the accidental spread of tumor cells.

TCC most commonly develops in the trigone, the neck of the bladder where urine exits.

Hva er det?

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a highly malignant cancer that arises from the transitional epithelium-the specialized, stretchy layer of cells that lines the urinary tract. This lining allows the bladder and associated tubes to expand and contract as they hold and release urine. When these cells undergo malignant transformation, they form tumors that can aggressively invade the deeper layers of the urinary tract walls. While TCC can technically develop anywhere along the urinary tract, it

"Urolithiasis and some chemotherapeutic agents (e. g. , cyclophosphamide) may induce epithelial hyperplasia with mild to moderate atypia... Variable numbers of epithelial cells and leukocytes are found in the urine sediment from animals with transitional cell carcinomas."

Årsaker og risikofaktorer

Like most cancers, TCC does not have a single, identifiable cause. Instead, it develops due to a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Chronic irritation of the bladder lining may play a role in predisposing cells to abnormal changes. For example, the presence of bladder stones (urolithiasis) causes constant mechanical irritation to the delicate transitional epithelium. Certain medical treatments can also induce changes in these cells. Exposure to specific chemotherap

Tegn

The symptoms of TCC closely mimic those of a standard urinary tract infection (UTI) or bladder stones, which often leads to initial misdiagnoses. If your pet has urinary symptoms that do not resolve with standard antibiotic therapy, TCC should be considered. ### Common Signs * Blood in the urine (hematuria): This may appear as pink, red, or dark brown urine, and may occasionally contain visible blood clots. * Straining to urinate (stranguria): Your pet may spend a long time trying to uri

Når oppsøke veterinær

You should contact your veterinarian if you notice any changes in your pet's urination habits, especially if they have been previously treated for a urinary tract infection and the symptoms return. Seek immediate emergency veterinary care if your pet: * Is straining continuously and producing no urine at all (this indicates a complete urethral obstruction, which is a rapidly fatal emergenc

Diagnostikk

Diagnosing TCC requires a careful, step-by-step approach to confirm the presence of cancer while avoiding procedures that could spread the tumor cells. ### Urinalysis and Cytology Your vet will start by examining a urine sample. Under a microscope (urine sediment cytology or dry-mount sediment cytology), they will look for abnormal cells and inflammatory markers. However, a definitive diagnosis is

Behandling

The primary goals of treating TCC are to maintain your pet's ability to urinate comfortably, control pain, and slow the progression of the tumor. Note: The structured veterinary record does not contain specific drug treatments or chemotherapy protocols for TCC. Your veterinarian or a veterinary oncologist will discuss the most current medical options available. ### Surgical Options Because TCC

Forebygging og hverdag

There is no proven way to prevent transitional cell carcinoma in dogs or cats. Because the exact causes are multifactorial, prevention focuses primarily on early detection. If you own a high-risk breed, talk to your veterinarian about proactive monitoring. This may include routine urinalysis starting around middle age to check for early signs of b

Kilder

Veterinary internal medicine references for this condition.

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