Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia
Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Også kendt som: Tricuspid Dysplasia, TVD, TD
Kort sagt
Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is an uncommon congenital heart defect in dogs and cats where the tricuspid valve is malformed, often leading to right-sided heart failure. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and prognosis.
TL;DR. Congenital right-sided heart valve malformation, mainly in large-breed dogs; can cause ascites, pleural effusion, and lifelong medical management needs.
Malformed tricuspid apparatus allows backward flow on the right side of the heart.
Hvad er det?
The tricuspid valve should stop blood from leaking from the right ventricle back into the right atrium. In TVD, leaflets, chordae, or papillary muscles are malformed, causing regurgitation (or less often stenosis), right-heart enlargement, and eventual right-sided congestive failure with ascites and/or pleural effusion.
Årsager og risikofaktorer
Congenital/heritable malformation during fetal development. Uncommon overall; seen more in large breeds such as Labrador Retriever, Boxer, German Shepherd Dog, English Bulldog, and Bullmastiff. Hereditary transmission is documented in Labradors.
Tegn at holde øje med
- Abdominal distention/ascites (common)
- Dyspnea from pleural effusion (common)
- Exercise intolerance; jugular distention/pulsation (common)
- Right-sided murmur; arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (common)
- Anorexia, muffled sounds, cardiac cachexia (occasional)
Ascites is a common sign of advanced right-sided failure.
Hvordan dyrlæger diagnosticerer
Exam (right-sided murmur, jugular signs, fluid). Gold standard: echocardiography with Doppler. Thoracic radiographs for cardiomegaly/effusion. ECG for chamber enlargement and arrhythmias.
Behandling
Lifelong medical management of right-sided failure: diuretics, diet/sodium guidance, antiarrhythmics when needed, abdominocentesis/thoracocentesis for comfort, activity modulation. Cardiology referral guides advanced plans.
Prognose
Depends on severity. Mild TVD may stay quiet for years; severe disease can cause early heart failure. Arrhythmias and refractory ascites worsen outlook.
Forebyggelse
Do not breed affected dogs. Screen high-risk lines with cardiology echo before breeding. Early detection of murmurs in puppies.
Hvornår ringe til dyrlægen
Call for pot-bellied swelling, labored breathing, fainting, or sudden exercise collapse. Emergency for severe dyspnea or collapse.
Kilder
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat; Small Animal Internal Medicine references as in the English master article.
My highlights & notes
Tegn og symptomer
Racer med højere risiko
Hvordan det diagnosticeres
- EchocardiographyGuldstandard
- Doppler echocardiography
- Electrocardiography (ECG)
- Intracardiac electrocardiography
- Thoracic radiography
Ofte stillede spørgsmål
What is Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia?
Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is an uncommon congenital heart defect in dogs and cats where the tricuspid valve is malformed, often leading to right-sided heart failure. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and prognosis.
What are the symptoms of Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia?
Bloated belly、Fluid in the belly (ascites)、Atrial fibrillation、Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)、Jugular vein distention、Pleural effusion、atrial tachyarrhythmias、Tiring easily during activity
How is Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia diagnosed?
Echocardiography、Doppler echocardiography、Electrocardiography (ECG)、Intracardiac electrocardiography、Thoracic radiography
Kilder
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 142
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat · p. 300
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 142
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat · p. 299
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