Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia
Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Tiež známe ako: Tricuspid Dysplasia, TVD, TD
Stručne
Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is an uncommon congenital heart defect in dogs and cats where the tricuspid valve is malformed, often leading to right-sided heart failure. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and prognosis.
TL;DR. Congenital right-sided heart valve malformation, mainly in large-breed dogs; can cause ascites, pleural effusion, and lifelong medical management needs.
Malformed tricuspid apparatus allows backward flow on the right side of the heart.
Čo to je?
The tricuspid valve should stop blood from leaking from the right ventricle back into the right atrium. In TVD, leaflets, chordae, or papillary muscles are malformed, causing regurgitation (or less often stenosis), right-heart enlargement, and eventual right-sided congestive failure with ascites and/or pleural effusion.
Príčiny a rizikové faktory
Congenital/heritable malformation during fetal development. Uncommon overall; seen more in large breeds such as Labrador Retriever, Boxer, German Shepherd Dog, English Bulldog, and Bullmastiff. Hereditary transmission is documented in Labradors.
Príznaky
- Abdominal distention/ascites (common)
- Dyspnea from pleural effusion (common)
- Exercise intolerance; jugular distention/pulsation (common)
- Right-sided murmur; arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (common)
- Anorexia, muffled sounds, cardiac cachexia (occasional)
Ascites is a common sign of advanced right-sided failure.
Ako diagnostikujú veterinári
Exam (right-sided murmur, jugular signs, fluid). Gold standard: echocardiography with Doppler. Thoracic radiographs for cardiomegaly/effusion. ECG for chamber enlargement and arrhythmias.
Liečba
Lifelong medical management of right-sided failure: diuretics, diet/sodium guidance, antiarrhythmics when needed, abdominocentesis/thoracocentesis for comfort, activity modulation. Cardiology referral guides advanced plans.
Prognóza
Depends on severity. Mild TVD may stay quiet for years; severe disease can cause early heart failure. Arrhythmias and refractory ascites worsen outlook.
Prevencia
Do not breed affected dogs. Screen high-risk lines with cardiology echo before breeding. Early detection of murmurs in puppies.
Kedy volať veterinára
Call for pot-bellied swelling, labored breathing, fainting, or sudden exercise collapse. Emergency for severe dyspnea or collapse.
Zdroje
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat; Small Animal Internal Medicine references as in the English master article.
My highlights & notes
Príznaky a prejavy
Plemená s vyšším rizikom
Ako sa diagnostikuje
- EchocardiographyZlatý štandard
- Doppler echocardiography
- Electrocardiography (ECG)
- Intracardiac electrocardiography
- Thoracic radiography
Časté otázky
What is Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia?
Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is an uncommon congenital heart defect in dogs and cats where the tricuspid valve is malformed, often leading to right-sided heart failure. Learn the signs, diagnostic steps, and prognosis.
What are the symptoms of Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia?
Bloated belly、Fluid in the belly (ascites)、Atrial fibrillation、Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)、Jugular vein distention、Pleural effusion、atrial tachyarrhythmias、Tiring easily during activity
How is Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia diagnosed?
Echocardiography、Doppler echocardiography、Electrocardiography (ECG)、Intracardiac electrocardiography、Thoracic radiography
Zdroje
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 142
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat · p. 300
- Internal Medicine 5th · p. 142
- Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat · p. 299
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