四環黴素

用途

• Susceptible infections
• Soft tissue infections
• Hemotropic mycoplasmosis
• Bacteremia, systemic infections
• Rickettsial diseases
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections in calves
• Susceptible infections in calves
• Susceptible infections
• Treatment of psittacosis
• Mild respiratory disease (flock treatment)
• Susceptible infections

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
• Discoloration of developing teeth and bones (yellow/brown/gray)
• Delayed bone growth and healing in young animals
• Superinfections (bacterial or fungal overgrowth)
• Photosensitivity
• Urolith formation (with long-term use in dogs)
• Hepatotoxicity and blood dyscrasias (rare)
• Cats: Colic, fever, hair loss, depression (poorly tolerated)
• Horses: Severe diarrhea (especially if stressed)
• Ruminants: Ruminal microflora depression and stasis (high oral doses)
• Injection site reactions (IM): Local necrosis and yellow staining

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
• Pregnancy (last half) - retards fetal skeletal development and discolors teeth
• Young, growing animals (unless benefits outweigh risks)
• > **Extreme Caution**: Pregnancy (Category D). Can cause congenital malformations, embryotoxicity, and discoloration of deciduous teeth. * **Renal/Hepatic Impairment**: Use cautiously. Lower dosages and enhanced monitoring are recommended. Avoid concurrent nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic drugs. * **Cats**: Do not tolerate oral tetracycline well; monitor closely for adverse effects. * **IV Administration**: Rapid IV injection can cause transient collapse and cardiac arrhythmias due to calcium chelation. Administer slowly or pre-treat with IV calcium gluconate if rapid injection is necessary.

藥物相互作用

• Atovaquone: Tetracyclines may decrease atovaquone levels.
• Beta-lactam or Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Theoretical antagonism of bactericidal activity, though clinical significance is doubtful.
• Digoxin: May increase bioavailability of digoxin, potentially causing toxicity that persists for months.
• Divalent or Trivalent Cations (Antacids, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, Bismuth): Chelation occurs, significantly decreasing the absorption of tetracycline. Separate doses by at least 1-2 hours.
• Methoxyflurane: Concomitant use can cause fatal nephrotoxicity.
• Sucralfate: May impair oral absorption of tetracycline; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
• Warfarin: May depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage adjustment may be needed.

常見問題