螺內酯
別名: Aldactone, Aldactazide, Cardalis, Prilactone
藥物類別: Aldosterone Antagonist / Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
* **給藥方式：** 請將此藥物**與食物一起餵食**，這能大幅提高藥物在體內的吸收率。 * **鉀離子警告：** 因為此藥物會幫助身體保留鉀離子，**請勿給予您的寵物額外的鉀補充劑**或改用高鉀飲食，除非獸醫師特別指示。 * **何時該聯繫獸醫師：** 如果您的寵物出現嚴重或持續的嘔吐、腹瀉、食慾不振，或極度疲倦/虛弱，請立即通知您的獸醫師。 * **貓咪飼主請注意：** 少部分貓咪（特別是緬因貓）在服用此藥期間可能會出現嚴重的臉部搔癢、結痂或皮膚炎。如果您發現貓咪過度抓臉，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- As a diuretic in CHF (when furosemide and ACE inhibitors alone do not control fluid accumulation)
- As a diuretic in CHF (when serum potassium is low)
- For adjunctive treatment of hypertension
- For adjunctive treatment of hypertension (Step 3 drug)
- For adjunctive treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism
- Congestive heart failure, ascites, hyperaldosteronism
- As a diuretic in CHF (when furosemide and ACE inhibitors alone do not control fluid accumulation)
- As a diuretic in CHF (with other diuretics when hypokalemia is an issue)
- As a diuretic in CHF (to allow further reduction of furosemide dose)
- For treating ascites (using fixed dose combination with hydrochlorothiazide)
- For treating ascites (caused by right-sided heart failure)
- For adjunctive treatment of hypertension
- For adjunctive treatment of hypertension (Step 4 drug)
- Congestive heart failure, ascites, hyperaldosteronism
給藥方式
PO
可能的副作用
- Facial dermatitis (notably reported in Maine Coon cats)
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Dehydration
- Increased BUN and mild acidosis (in patients with renal impairment)
- Gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, anorexia)
- CNS effects (lethargy, ataxia)
- Endocrine changes (anti-androgenic effects, e.g., gynecomastia in humans, feminization of male fetuses)
- Hyponatraemia
- Hyperkalaemia
- Reversible prostatic atrophy (in entire male dogs)
- Severe ulcerative facial dermatitis (in Maine Coon cats)
- Hepatotoxicity (reported in humans)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hyperkalemia
- Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
- Anuria
- Acute renal failure
- Significant renal impairment
- Hypoadrenocorticism
- Hyperkalaemia
- Hyponatraemia
- Concurrent use with NSAIDs in animals with renal insufficiency
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Animals intended for breeding
- > **Hepatic & Renal Caution:** Use cautiously in patients with hepatic disease (though often used to treat ascites). Use in patients with renal impairment may lead to hyperkalemia. > **Reproductive Safety:** FDA Category D for pregnancy. Spironolactone and its active metabolites cross the placenta and can cause feminization of male fetuses. Canrenone (active metabolite) is excreted in breast milk; use with caution in nursing animals.
藥物相互作用
- Digoxin: Spironolactone may increase the half-life of digoxin; enhanced monitoring of digoxin serum levels is warranted. May also cause falsely elevated digoxin values if using a radioimmune assay (RIA).
- Mitotane: Spironolactone may mute the effects of mitotane if given concurrently; monitor carefully.
- Neuromuscular blockers, non-depolarizing: Possible increase in neuromuscular blockade effects.
- Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., triamterene): Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
- Potassium supplements: Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
- Salicylates (e.g., Aspirin): Spironolactone's diuretic effects may be decreased if administered concomitantly.
- Thiazide diuretics: Potentiates diuretic effects
- Loop diuretics: Potentiates diuretic effects
- ACE inhibitors: Increased risk of hyperkalaemia (though generally safe to use concurrently in practice; monitor potassium)
- NSAIDs: Increased risk of hyperkalaemia and nephrotoxicity
- Ciclosporin: Increased risk of hyperkalaemia
常見問題
螺內酯用於寵物有什麼用途？
• 給藥方式： 請將此藥物與食物一起餵食，這能大幅提高藥物在體內的吸收率。 • 鉀離子警告： 因為此藥物會幫助身體保留鉀離子，請勿給予您的寵物額外的鉀補充劑或改用高鉀飲食，除非獸醫師特別指示。 • 何時該聯繫獸醫師： 如果您的寵物出現嚴重或持續的嘔吐、腹瀉、食慾不振，或極度疲倦/虛弱，請立即通知您的獸醫師。 • 貓咪飼主請注意： 少部分貓咪（特別是緬因貓）在服用此藥期間可能會出現嚴重的臉部搔癢、結痂或皮膚炎。如果您發現貓咪過度抓臉，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
螺內酯對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。