地爾硫卓
別名: Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Dilacor XR, Cartia XT, Tiazac, Diltia XT, Taztia XT, Dilt-CD, Hypercard, Adizem, Angitil, Dilcardia, Dilzem, Slozem, Tildiem, Viazem, Zemret
藥物類別: Calcium Channel Blocker / Class IV Antiarrhythmic
地爾硫卓是一種用於治療寵物心律不整和高血壓的藥物。 * **給藥方式：** 請嚴格按照獸醫師的指示給藥。**請勿壓碎或咀嚼**長效型膠囊，除非獸醫師特別指示（某些特定品牌如 Dilacor XR 有時會在獸醫指導下打開使用裡面的藥片）。 * **副作用：** 請觀察寵物是否有嗜睡、虛弱、昏厥或嘔吐（在貓咪中特別常見）的跡象。如果您的寵物突然倒下或顯得異常疲倦，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。 * **用藥規律性：** 心臟藥物需要嚴格遵守給藥時間表。請勿在未諮詢獸醫師的情況下自行停藥或漏餵。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option A)
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option B)
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option C)
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option D)
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option E)
- Emergency treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Acute management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Chronic management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Emergency management of hypertension (when nitroprusside unavailable)
- Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias / Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias / Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Decreasing ventricular rate in dogs with atrial fibrillation
- Acute treatment of supraventricular tachycardia
- Chronic treatment of supraventricular tachycardia
- Acute treatment of atrial tachycardia
- Chronic treatment of atrial tachycardia
- Emergency treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Adjunctive treatment of pulmonary hypertension
- Emergency management of hypertension (when nitroprusside unavailable)
- Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias / Atrial fibrillation
- Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias / Atrial fibrillation
- Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias / Atrial fibrillation
- Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias / Atrial fibrillation
- Refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
給藥方式
POIV
可能的副作用
- Dogs: Bradycardia (most prominent)
- Cats: Vomiting (especially with 60 mg sustained-release pellets)
- Lethargy
- Anorexia / GI distress
- Hypotension
- Heart block or rhythm disturbances
- CNS effects
- Skin rashes
- Elevations in liver enzymes
- Bradycardia (most common in dogs)
- Vomiting (most common in cats)
- AV block
注意事項與禁忌
- Severe hypotension (<90 mm Hg systolic)
- Sick sinus syndrome (unless functioning pacemaker is in place)
- 2nd or 3rd degree AV block (unless functioning pacemaker is in place)
- Acute myocardial infarction
- Radiographically documented pulmonary congestion
- Hypersensitivity to diltiazem
- Second or third degree AV block
- Marked hypotension
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Acute or decompensated congestive heart failure (relative contraindication)
- > **Warning:** Use with extreme caution in geriatric patients, those with heart failure (especially if receiving beta-blockers), or patients with hepatic or renal impairment. * **IV Administration:** If giving direct IV push, administer slowly over at least two minutes to prevent acute hypotension or collapse. * **Pregnancy:** Potential teratogen at high doses (FDA Category C). Use only when benefits outweigh risks. * **Nursing:** Excreted in milk at concentrations approximating serum levels; use with caution.
藥物相互作用
- Anesthetics, General: May increase cardiac depressant effects of diltiazem.
- Benzodiazepines: Diltiazem may increase benzodiazepine levels.
- Beta-Blockers: May increase the likelihood of bradycardia, AV block, or CHF. Diltiazem may substantially increase the bioavailability of propranolol.
- Buspirone: Diltiazem may increase buspirone levels.
- Cisapride: Could potentially increase risk for increased QT intervals.
- Digoxin: Data conflicts regarding pharmacokinetic effects; diligent monitoring of digoxin serum concentrations is required.
- Cimetidine: May increase plasma diltiazem concentrations; increased monitoring warranted.
- Ranitidine: May affect diltiazem concentrations, but to a lesser extent than cimetidine.
- Cyclosporine: Diltiazem may increase cyclosporine serum concentrations; monitoring and dosage adjustments may be required.
- Rifampin: May decrease diltiazem levels.
- Quinidine: Diltiazem may increase quinidine serum concentrations; monitoring and dosage adjustments may be required.
- Beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol): Additive negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Co-administration is not recommended.
- Calcium salts: May adversely affect the activity of diltiazem.
- Vitamin D: May adversely affect the activity of diltiazem.
- Theophylline: Diltiazem enhances the effect of theophylline, which may lead to toxicity.
- Ciclosporin: Diltiazem may affect ciclosporin concentrations.
- Highly protein-bound agents: Diltiazem may displace these agents from plasma proteins.
- Vincristine: Diltiazem may increase intracellular vincristine levels by inhibiting outflow of the drug from the cell.
常見問題
地爾硫卓用於寵物有什麼用途？
地爾硫卓是一種用於治療寵物心律不整和高血壓的藥物。 • 給藥方式： 請嚴格按照獸醫師的指示給藥。請勿壓碎或咀嚼長效型膠囊，除非獸醫師特別指示（某些特定品牌如 Dilacor XR 有時會在獸醫指導下打開使用裡面的藥片）。 • 副作用： 請觀察寵物是否有嗜睡、虛弱、昏厥或嘔吐（在貓咪中特別常見）的跡象。如果您的寵物突然倒下或顯得異常疲倦，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。 • 用藥規律性： 心臟藥物需要嚴格遵守給藥時間表。請勿在未諮詢獸醫師的情況下自行停藥或漏餵。
地爾硫卓對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。