Diltiazem
別名: Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Dilacor XR, Cartia XT, Tiazac, Diltia XT, Taztia XT, Dilt-CD, Hypercard, Adizem, Angitil, Dilcardia, Dilzem, Slozem, Tildiem, Viazem, Zemret
Diltiazem is a medication used to treat abnormal heart rhythms and high blood pressure in pets. * **Administration:** Give exactly as prescribed. **Do not crush or chew** sustained-release capsules unless specifically instructed by your veterinarian (some specific brands like Dilacor XR are sometimes opened to use the tablets inside, but only under strict veterinary guidance). * **Side Effects:** Watch for signs of lethargy, weakness, fainting, or vomiting (especially common in cats). Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet collapses or seems unusually tired. * **Consistency:** Heart medications require strict adherence to the dosing schedule. Do not skip doses or stop the medication abruptly without consulting your vet.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option A)
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option B)
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option C)
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option D)
- Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Option E)
- Emergency treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Acute management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Chronic management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Emergency management of hypertension (when nitroprusside unavailable)
- Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias / Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias / Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Dogs: Bradycardia (most prominent)
- Cats: Vomiting (especially with 60 mg sustained-release pellets)
- Lethargy
- Anorexia / GI distress
- Hypotension
- Heart block or rhythm disturbances
- CNS effects
- Skin rashes
- Elevations in liver enzymes
- Bradycardia (most common in dogs)
- Vomiting (most common in cats)
- AV block
注意事項與禁忌
- Severe hypotension (<90 mm Hg systolic)
- Sick sinus syndrome (unless functioning pacemaker is in place)
- 2nd or 3rd degree AV block (unless functioning pacemaker is in place)
- Acute myocardial infarction
- Radiographically documented pulmonary congestion
- Hypersensitivity to diltiazem
- Second or third degree AV block
- Marked hypotension
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Acute or decompensated congestive heart failure (relative contraindication)
- > **Warning:** Use with extreme caution in geriatric patients, those with heart failure (especially if receiving beta-blockers), or patients with hepatic or renal impairment. * **IV Administration:** If giving direct IV push, administer slowly over at least two minutes to prevent acute hypotension or collapse. * **Pregnancy:** Potential teratogen at high doses (FDA Category C). Use only when benefits outweigh risks. * **Nursing:** Excreted in milk at concentrations approximating serum levels; use with caution.
藥物相互作用
- Anesthetics, General: May increase cardiac depressant effects of diltiazem.
- Benzodiazepines: Diltiazem may increase benzodiazepine levels.
- Beta-Blockers: May increase the likelihood of bradycardia, AV block, or CHF. Diltiazem may substantially increase the bioavailability of propranolol.
- Buspirone: Diltiazem may increase buspirone levels.
- Cisapride: Could potentially increase risk for increased QT intervals.
- Digoxin: Data conflicts regarding pharmacokinetic effects; diligent monitoring of digoxin serum concentrations is required.
- Cimetidine: May increase plasma diltiazem concentrations; increased monitoring warranted.
- Ranitidine: May affect diltiazem concentrations, but to a lesser extent than cimetidine.
- Cyclosporine: Diltiazem may increase cyclosporine serum concentrations; monitoring and dosage adjustments may be required.
- Rifampin: May decrease diltiazem levels.
- Quinidine: Diltiazem may increase quinidine serum concentrations; monitoring and dosage adjustments may be required.
常見問題
Diltiazem用於寵物有甚麼用途？
Diltiazem is a medication used to treat abnormal heart rhythms and high blood pressure in pets. * **Administration:** Give exactly as prescribed. **Do not crush or chew** sustained-release capsules unless specifically instructed by your veterinarian (some specific brands like Dilacor XR are sometimes opened to use the tablets inside, but only under strict veterinary guidance). * **Side Effects:** Watch for signs of lethargy, weakness, fainting, or vomiting (especially common in cats). Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet collapses or seems unusually tired. * **Consistency:** Heart medications require strict adherence to the dosing schedule. Do not skip doses or stop the medication abruptly without consulting your vet.
Diltiazem對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。