氯黴素

用途

• Established corneal infection
• Ophthalmic infections
• Systemic infections
• CNS infections
• Prophylaxis following surgery or Mycoplasma/chlamydial conjunctivitis

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Fatal aplastic anemia in humans (exposure risk)
• Local irritation (rare)

注意事項與禁忌

• Food-producing animals
• Known hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol
• **Human Toxicity Warning:** Chloramphenicol exposure in humans has resulted in fatal aplastic anemia. Use with extreme caution. Clients must use appropriate safeguards (e.g., wearing gloves) when applying the drug and avoid contact with drops or solutions. Must not be used in any food-producing animal.

藥物相互作用

• Pentobarbital: Irreversible inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 increases plasma levels of pentobarbital. Recovery takes up to 3 weeks.
• Phenobarbital: Irreversible inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 increases plasma levels of phenobarbital. Recovery takes up to 3 weeks.
• Propofol: Irreversible inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 increases plasma levels of propofol. Recovery takes up to 3 weeks.
• Oral hypoglycaemic agents: Irreversible inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 increases plasma levels of hypoglycaemics.
• Rifampin: Accelerates the metabolism of chloramphenicol, decreasing serum levels.
• Aminoglycosides: Chloramphenicol may inhibit the bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides.
• Beta-lactams: Chloramphenicol may inhibit the bactericidal activity of beta-lactams.
• Macrolides: May competitively inhibit macrolide antimicrobials at the 50S ribosomal subunit.
• Lincosamides: May competitively inhibit lincosamide antimicrobials at the 50S ribosomal subunit.

常見問題