Mannitol
別名: Osmitrol, Resectisol, Am-Vet Mannitol, Isotol, Manniject, Osmofundin, Mannitol IV
Mannitol is an emergency medication that must be administered by professional veterinary staff in a hospital setting where adequate monitoring can occur. Because it causes rapid shifts of fluid within the body, your pet's hydration status, electrolytes, and urine output will be closely monitored to ensure safety and effectiveness.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Cerebral edema
- Oliguric renal failure
- Cerebral edema
- Oliguric renal failure
- Oliguric renal failure (not anuric)
- Oliguric renal failure (rehydrated, not fluid overloaded)
- Oliguric renal failure (fluid replete)
- Acute glaucoma
- Acute glaucoma (if latanoprost fails)
- Acute primary angle-closure glaucoma
- Increased CSF pressure/cerebral edema
- Increased CSF pressure (critical/deteriorating patient)
- Cerebral edema secondary to trauma
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances (especially hypernatremia)
- Volume overload (if oliguria persists)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pulmonary edema
- Congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Tachycardia
- Dizziness and headache (CNS effects)
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- Circulatory overload (at high doses)
- Acidosis (at high doses)
- Thrombophlebitis
- Extravasation injury (oedema and skin necrosis)
- Diarrhoea (if administered orally)
- Acute renal failure (rare)
注意事項與禁忌
- Anuria secondary to renal disease
- Severe dehydration
- Severe pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema
- Intracranial bleeding (unless during craniotomy - human label)
- Disrupted capillary membrane in the brain (can leak into interstitium and worsen edema)
- Severe pulmonary congestion
- Pulmonary oedema
- Intracranial haemorrhage (relative contraindication; labelled 'use with care' but commonly used in traumatic brain injury)
- **Important Warnings:** * **Halt therapy** if progressive heart failure, pulmonary congestion, or progressive renal failure/damage (increasing oliguria/azotemia) develops. * **Hydration:** Adequate fluid replacement must be administered to dehydrated animals *before* mannitol therapy begins. Use with caution in hypovolemic patients as it can enhance hypotension. * **Crystallization:** Crystals frequently form in solutions >15%. Be certain crystals are dissolved (by warming) before administering. An **in-line IV filter (5 micron)** is highly recommended. * **Blood Products:** Do not give with whole blood products unless at least 20 mEq/L of NaCl is added, otherwise pseudoagglutination may result. * **Glaucoma:** Relatively contraindicated for treating secondary glaucomas, as it may cross the damaged blood-aqueous barrier and increase IOP.
藥物相互作用
- Lithium: Mannitol can increase the renal elimination of lithium
- Sotalol: Mannitol's effects on potassium and magnesium may increase the risk for QT prolongation
- Potassium-depleting diuretics: May exacerbate diuretic-induced hypokalaemia
- Beta-blockers: Concurrent use with potassium-depleting diuretics requires caution
- Ciclosporin: Nephrotoxicity has been described with concurrent use in humans
- Whole blood: Mannitol should never be added to whole blood for transfusion or given through the same IV set
- KCl or NaCl: Do not add to concentrated mannitol solutions (20% or 25%) as a precipitate may form
常見問題
Mannitol用於寵物有甚麼用途？
Mannitol is an emergency medication that must be administered by professional veterinary staff in a hospital setting where adequate monitoring can occur. Because it causes rapid shifts of fluid within the body, your pet's hydration status, electrolytes, and urine output will be closely monitored to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Mannitol對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。