Grape and Raisin Toxicity

TL;DR. Hrozny/rozinky u psa: kritická nouze s rizikem akutního selhání ledvin.

Hrozny a rozinky jsou vážná toxická hrozba.

Co to je?

Vitis spp. (grapes, raisins, currants, sultanas) can trigger acute tubular necrosis and kidney failure in dogs. Toxin unknown; response unpredictable.

"The toxic agent (or agents) has so far defied detection. Analysis for a variety of substances has proved negative, including mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides and vitamin D3... It is postulated that the cause may be a nephrotoxin"

Příčiny a rizikové faktory

Fresh or dried fruit, trail mix, baked goods. No safe dose; even a few pieces may be fatal in some dogs. No breed/age predisposition.

Známky

• Vomiting (cardinal) often within 6-12 h
• Abdominal pain, anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, ataxia, weakness (common)
• Oliguria/anuria (late, critical)

Letargie, slabost a zvracení jsou časné známky.

Diagnostika

History plus serial BUN/creatinine, phosphorus/calcium, urinalysis. No rapid toxin assay.

Žádný rychlý test; sledovat ledviny.

Léčba

Early emesis (2-4 h if stable) then Activated Charcoal. Hospital IV fluids ≥48 h. Furosemide if oliguric. Supportive care; hemodialysis if available for anuria.

Prognóza

Excellent if decontaminated before azotemia; guarded after AKI; poor if anuric.

Prevence

No grapes/raisins ever; secure fruit bowls and baking goods; educate family and guests.

Kdy volat

Any grape or raisin ingestion: call vet/poison control immediately. Do not wait for vomiting or lethargy.

Zdroje

• FEDIAF Scientific Advisory Board Nutrition Fact Sheets, 2024, pages 66-67.

My highlights & notes

New note