甲氧氯普胺 (胃復安)

用途

• As a prokinetic for adjunctive treatment of esophagitis
• General use
• General use
• To increase bladder contractility
• To induce milk let-down for secondary agalactia
• To stimulate the gastrointestinal tract
• For reflux esophagitis
• General therapeutics (Rabbits)
• To assist in removing gastric hairballs (Rabbits)
• Pro-motile drug for ileus (Rabbits)
• General therapeutics (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas)
• As an antiemetic
• As an antiemetic

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Dogs: Changes in mentation and behavior (motor restlessness, involuntary spasms, aggression, hyperactivity to drowsiness/depression), constipation
• Cats: Frenzied behavior, disorientation, constipation
• Horses: Severe CNS effects (IV use), alternating sedation and excitement, behavioral changes, abdominal pain
• Extrapyramidal effects (tremors, rigid posture)
• Nausea and diarrhea
• Transient hypertension
• Elevated prolactin levels
• Extrapyramidal signs (tremors, twitching, hyperactivity, restlessness)
• Sedation
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Changes in mentation or behavior

注意事項與禁忌

• GI hemorrhage
• GI obstruction or perforation
• Hypersensitivity to metoclopramide
• Seizure disorders (relatively contraindicated, lowers seizure threshold)
• Head trauma
• Pheochromocytoma (may induce hypertensive crisis)
• Concurrent phenothiazine therapy
• Dogs with pseudopregnancy (stimulates prolactin release)
• Gastrointestinal obstruction
• Gastrointestinal perforation
• Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
• Seizure disorders (epilepsy)
• Pheochromocytoma

藥物相互作用

• Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Alcohol: Metoclopramide may enhance the absorption of these agents.
• Anesthetics: Acute hypotension has been reported if metoclopramide is used concurrently IV.
• Atropine (and anticholinergics): May antagonize the GI motility effects of metoclopramide.
• Cephalexin: Oral metoclopramide increases cephalexin peak plasma concentrations and AUC in dogs.
• Cholinergic Drugs (e.g., bethanechol): May enhance metoclopramide's GI effects.
• CNS Depressants: Metoclopramide may enhance CNS depressant effects.
• Cyclosporine: Metoclopramide increases the rate and extent of GI absorption.
• Opiate Analgesics: May antagonize the GI motility effects and enhance metoclopramide's CNS effects.
• MAO Inhibitors (e.g., amitraz, selegiline): Could cause hypertension.
• Phenothiazines and Butyrophenones: May potentiate the extrapyramidal effects of metoclopramide.
• Propofol: Reduces induction requirements of propofol by 20-25%.

常見問題