克林達黴素

用途

• Susceptible bacterial infections
• Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections
• Sepsis
• Anaerobic infections
• Intra-abdominal sepsis
• Pancreatitis
• Susceptible respiratory infections
• Surgical prophylaxis for gram-positive aerobes and anaerobic coverage
• Toxoplasmosis (to decrease zoonotic risk by reducing shedding period)
• Clinical toxoplasmosis
• Enteroepithelial toxoplasmosis
• Systemic toxoplasmosis
• Susceptible infections

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Gastroenteritis (emesis, loose stools, bloody diarrhea)
• Esophageal injuries (esophagitis, strictures) in cats if dry-pilled
• Hypersalivation or lip smacking in cats after oral administration
• Pain at IM injection site
• Mild, clinically insignificant increases in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP)
• Colitis
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Oesophagitis (especially in cats)
• Oesophageal stricture (especially in cats)

注意事項與禁忌

• Horses
• Rabbits
• Hamsters
• Chinchillas
• Guinea pigs
• Ruminants
• Patients hypersensitive to lincosamides
• Neonatal small animals (generally avoided)
• Known hypersensitivity to lincosamides
• > **Esophageal Injury Warning:** Clindamycin has been implicated in causing esophagitis and esophageal strictures in small animals (especially cats). **Avoid dry 'pilling'**; always administer with food or a water bolus. * **Hepatic/Renal Impairment:** Patients with very severe renal and/or hepatic disease should receive the drug with caution. Consider dosage reduction and monitor serum clindamycin levels during high-dose therapy. * **Species Restrictions:** Fatal gastrointestinal effects can occur in horses, ruminants, and small herbivores (rabbits, rodents). Do not use in these species.

藥物相互作用

• Cyclosporine: Clindamycin may reduce cyclosporine levels
• Erythromycin: In vitro antagonism when used with clindamycin; concomitant use should probably be avoided
• Neuromuscular blocking agents (e.g., pancuronium): Clindamycin possesses intrinsic neuromuscular blocking activity and should be used cautiously with other neuromuscular blocking agents
• Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (e.g., tubocurarine): May enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect
• Neostigmine: May antagonize the effects of neostigmine
• Pyridostigmine: May antagonize the effects of pyridostigmine
• Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin): Antagonistic antimicrobial effects due to competing binding sites
• Chloramphenicol: Antagonistic antimicrobial effects due to competing binding sites
• Other lincosamides: Antagonistic antimicrobial effects
• Tubocurarine (and other non-depolarizing muscle relaxants): May enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect
• Lincomycin: Complete cross-resistance and antagonistic effect

常見問題