頭孢唑林

用途

• Gram-positive infections
• Gram-negative infections
• Surgical prophylaxis (Orthopedic procedures)
• Surgical prophylaxis (Soft tissue surgery)
• Sepsis
• Systemic infections
• Susceptible infections
• Infections in neonates
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections (Foals)
• Susceptible infections (Neonatal foals)
• Surgical prophylaxis (Orthopedic procedures)
• Surgical prophylaxis (Soft tissue surgery)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
• Pain at the IM injection site
• Sterile abscesses or local tissue reactions (rare)
• Thrombophlebitis (following IV administration)
• Nephrotoxicity (minimal risk at clinical doses)
• Neurotoxicity or seizures (associated with very high IV doses)
• GI flora disruption (in nursing neonates)

注意事項與禁忌

• Patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
• Use cautiously in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems) due to the potential for cross-reactivity. Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with severe renal failure, as the drug is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Safe use during pregnancy has not been firmly established (FDA Category B), though teratogenic effects have not been documented; use only when benefits outweigh risks. Cefazolin is distributed into milk and may alter neonatal gut flora in nursing dams.

藥物相互作用

• Aminoglycosides: Potential for additive nephrotoxicity; use concurrently with caution.
• Amphotericin B: Potential for additive nephrotoxicity; use concurrently with caution.
• Probenecid: Competitively blocks the renal tubular secretion of cefazolin, thereby increasing serum levels and prolonging the elimination half-life.

常見問題