Ketoconazole
別名: Nizoral, Fungiconazole
- **Administration:** Give this medication with food to increase absorption and reduce stomach upset. If your pet develops vomiting or loss of appetite, dividing the daily dose may help. - **Side Effects:** Watch for loss of appetite, vomiting, or diarrhea. If these occur, contact your veterinarian. In cats, these side effects are more common. - **Coat Changes:** You might notice a reversible lightening of your pet's haircoat during treatment. - **Commitment:** Fungal infections often require months of continuous treatment. Do not stop the medication early even if your pet looks better, as the infection can easily return. - **Warning:** Inform your vet of *all* other medications your pet is taking, as ketoconazole interacts with many drugs.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Blastomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Aspergillosis
- Dermatophytosis
- Sporotrichosis
- Susceptible yeasts and Aspergillus spp
- Scopulariopsis pneumonia
- Severe refractory candidiasis in Psittacines
- Susceptible fungal infections (most species)
- Susceptible fungal infections (most species)
- Susceptible fungal infections (Moluccan Cockatoos)
- Susceptible fungal infections (Ratites)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Anorexia (most common, especially in cats)
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Hepatic toxicity (cholangiohepatitis, increased liver enzymes)
- Thrombocytopenia (rare)
- Reversible lightening of haircoat
- Transient suppression of gonadal and adrenal steroid synthesis
- Infertility in male dogs (reversible)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Anorexia
- Alterations in hair-coat colour
- Thrombocytopenia (at high doses)
- Adrenal insufficiency (at high doses)
- Cataract development (in dogs)
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to ketoconazole
- Controversial/Contraindicated in cats (due to toxicity risks)
- Concurrent use with cisapride or ivermectin (in dogs)
- Hepatic insufficiency
- Pregnancy (due to possible teratogenic effects)
- Use with caution in patients with **hepatic disease** or **thrombocytopenia**. Ketoconazole is a known **teratogen and embryotoxin**; weigh risks vs. benefits in pregnant animals. It may cause reversible infertility in male dogs by decreasing testosterone synthesis. Dogs undergoing high-dose antifungal therapy may need additional glucocorticoid support during periods of acute stress due to adrenal suppression.
藥物相互作用
- Alcohol: May produce a disulfiram-like reaction (vomiting)
- Antacids: May reduce oral absorption of ketoconazole; administer at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (amitriptyline, clomipramine): Ketoconazole may reduce metabolism and increase adverse effects
- Benzodiazepines (midazolam, triazolam): Ketoconazole may increase levels
- Buspirone: Plasma concentrations may be elevated
- Busulfan: Ketoconazole may increase levels
- Calcium-channel blockers (amlodipine, verapamil): Ketoconazole may increase levels
- Cisapride: Ketoconazole may increase cisapride levels and possibility for toxicity; use together contraindicated
- Corticosteroids: Ketoconazole may inhibit metabolism; potential for increased adverse effects
- Cyclophosphamide: Ketoconazole may inhibit metabolism; potential for increased toxicity
- Cyclosporine: Increased cyclosporine levels (often used therapeutically to reduce cyclosporine dose)
常見問題
Ketoconazole用於寵物有甚麼用途？
- **Administration:** Give this medication with food to increase absorption and reduce stomach upset. If your pet develops vomiting or loss of appetite, dividing the daily dose may help. - **Side Effects:** Watch for loss of appetite, vomiting, or diarrhea. If these occur, contact your veterinarian. In cats, these side effects are more common. - **Coat Changes:** You might notice a reversible lightening of your pet's haircoat during treatment. - **Commitment:** Fungal infections often require months of continuous treatment. Do not stop the medication early even if your pet looks better, as the infection can easily return. - **Warning:** Inform your vet of *all* other medications your pet is taking, as ketoconazole interacts with many drugs.
Ketoconazole對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。