丙泊酚

用途

• Induction of general anesthesia (no premedication)
• Induction of general anesthesia (with premedication)
• Maintenance of general anesthesia (no premedication)
• Single injection induction (with acepromazine +/- butorphanol)
• Induction of anaesthesia (unpremedicated)
• Induction of anaesthesia (premedicated)
• Maintenance of anaesthesia
• Anesthesia (Rabbits)
• Anesthesia (Mice)
• Anesthesia (Rats)
• Anesthesia (Iguanas, Tortoises)
• Anesthesia (Snakes)
• Induction of general anesthesia (no premedication)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Transient respiratory depression and apnea (especially with rapid IV administration)
• Arterial hypotension and bradycardia
• Cyanosis (secondary to apnea)
• Seizure-like clinical signs during induction (paddling, opisthotonus, myoclonic twitching)
• Histamine release and rare anaphylactoid reactions
• Cats (with repeated/prolonged use): Heinz body anemia, slowed recovery, anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea
• Apnoea (especially with rapid injection)
• Cyanosis
• Bradycardia
• Severe hypotension
• Muscle rigidity and tremors (dogs)
• Paradoxical muscle movements (dogs)
• Heinz body anaemia (cats, with repeated daily use)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to propofol or any component of the product
• Patients where general anesthesia or sedation is strictly contraindicated
• Use of benzyl alcohol-preserved formulations for maintenance of anaesthesia via continuous rate infusion (CRI)
• **Important Warnings:** * **Respiratory Support:** Propofol should *only* be used in facilities where intubation and artificial ventilation capabilities are immediately available. * **Administration Rate:** Give slowly (e.g., 25% of calculated dose every 30 seconds) to minimize the risk of severe apnea and cyanosis. * **Patient Status:** Use with extreme caution in patients in shock, under severe stress, or with severe trauma, hypoproteinemia, or hyperlipidemia. * **Feline Patients:** Cats with preexisting liver disease may have prolonged recoveries. Repeated daily use or prolonged CRI in cats can cause oxidative RBC injury (Heinz body anemia). * **Handling (Macroemulsion):** Contains no preservatives and is an excellent growth medium for bacteria. Handle with strict asepsis and discard unused portions within 6 hours.

藥物相互作用

• Inhalation Anesthetics (halothane, isoflurane): Propofol serum concentrations may be increased; propofol induction may require higher initial inhalant concentrations due to rapid recovery.
• Local Anesthetics: Propofol dosage requirements for sedation or hypnosis may be reduced.
• Anticholinergics: Propofol-induced bradycardia may be exacerbated, particularly when opiate premedicants are used.
• Chloramphenicol: May decrease clearance of propofol and increase recovery times.
• Clonidine: When used as a premed, may reduce propofol dosage requirements.
• CNS Depressants (acepromazine, diazepam, etc.): Increased sedative, anesthetic, and cardiorespiratory depression possible; propofol dose should generally be reduced by ~25%.
• Hepatic P-450 Inhibitors (cimetidine, ketoconazole): May potentially increase recovery times associated with propofol (especially significant in cats).
• Fentanyl: Increased risk for bradycardia.
• Medetomidine: Hypoxemia may occur when propofol is used after medetomidine; dosage adjustments and adequate monitoring required.
• Metoclopramide: May reduce the propofol dose required for induction by 20-25%.

常見問題