丙泊酚
別名: Rapinovet, PropoFlo, Diprivan, PropoClear, Fresenius Propoven, Norofol, Procare, PropoFlo Plus, PropoFol, Propofol-Lipuro Vet
藥物類別: Injectable Anesthetic
丙泊酚是一種由獸醫師注射的速效麻醉劑，用於讓您的寵物在手術或小型處置期間入睡。 * **作用迅速：** 它的起效非常快（通常在一分鐘內），並且在處置結束後會迅速消退，讓寵物能平穩且快速地甦醒。 * **安全性高：** 它通常非常安全，即使對於患有輕微心臟、肝臟或腎臟疾病的寵物也是如此。在您的寵物入睡期間，獸醫團隊會密切監測其呼吸和心跳。 * **非止痛藥：** 丙泊酚能讓寵物入睡，但沒有止痛效果。您的獸醫師會搭配其他藥物使用，以確保寵物感到舒適且無痛。 * **貓咪注意事項：** 如果您的貓咪需要連續幾天進行麻醉，獸醫師可能會選擇其他藥物，因為貓咪代謝丙泊酚的速度比狗慢。
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Induction of general anesthesia (no premedication)
- Induction of general anesthesia (with premedication)
- Maintenance of general anesthesia (no premedication)
- Single injection induction (with acepromazine +/- butorphanol)
- Induction of anaesthesia (unpremedicated)
- Induction of anaesthesia (premedicated)
- Maintenance of anaesthesia
- Anesthesia (Rabbits)
- Anesthesia (Mice)
- Anesthesia (Rats)
- Anesthesia (Iguanas, Tortoises)
- Anesthesia (Snakes)
- Induction of general anesthesia (no premedication)
- Induction of general anesthesia (with phenothiazine + opioid premed)
- Induction of general anesthesia (with alpha2 agonist premed)
- Maintenance of general anesthesia (intermittent injections, no premed)
- Sedation only (CRI)
- Minor surgery (CRI)
- Refractory status epilepticus
- Refractory status epilepticus (persistent after diazepam/phenobarbital)
- Induction of anaesthesia (unpremedicated)
- Induction of anaesthesia (premedicated)
- Sedation or maintenance of anaesthesia
給藥方式
IVIOIntracardiac (snakes)
可能的副作用
- Transient respiratory depression and apnea (especially with rapid IV administration)
- Arterial hypotension and bradycardia
- Cyanosis (secondary to apnea)
- Seizure-like clinical signs during induction (paddling, opisthotonus, myoclonic twitching)
- Histamine release and rare anaphylactoid reactions
- Cats (with repeated/prolonged use): Heinz body anemia, slowed recovery, anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea
- Apnoea (especially with rapid injection)
- Cyanosis
- Bradycardia
- Severe hypotension
- Muscle rigidity and tremors (dogs)
- Paradoxical muscle movements (dogs)
- Heinz body anaemia (cats, with repeated daily use)
- Pain on IV injection
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to propofol or any component of the product
- Patients where general anesthesia or sedation is strictly contraindicated
- Use of benzyl alcohol-preserved formulations for maintenance of anaesthesia via continuous rate infusion (CRI)
- **Important Warnings:** * **Respiratory Support:** Propofol should *only* be used in facilities where intubation and artificial ventilation capabilities are immediately available. * **Administration Rate:** Give slowly (e.g., 25% of calculated dose every 30 seconds) to minimize the risk of severe apnea and cyanosis. * **Patient Status:** Use with extreme caution in patients in shock, under severe stress, or with severe trauma, hypoproteinemia, or hyperlipidemia. * **Feline Patients:** Cats with preexisting liver disease may have prolonged recoveries. Repeated daily use or prolonged CRI in cats can cause oxidative RBC injury (Heinz body anemia). * **Handling (Macroemulsion):** Contains no preservatives and is an excellent growth medium for bacteria. Handle with strict asepsis and discard unused portions within 6 hours.
藥物相互作用
- Inhalation Anesthetics (halothane, isoflurane): Propofol serum concentrations may be increased; propofol induction may require higher initial inhalant concentrations due to rapid recovery.
- Local Anesthetics: Propofol dosage requirements for sedation or hypnosis may be reduced.
- Anticholinergics: Propofol-induced bradycardia may be exacerbated, particularly when opiate premedicants are used.
- Chloramphenicol: May decrease clearance of propofol and increase recovery times.
- Clonidine: When used as a premed, may reduce propofol dosage requirements.
- CNS Depressants (acepromazine, diazepam, etc.): Increased sedative, anesthetic, and cardiorespiratory depression possible; propofol dose should generally be reduced by ~25%.
- Hepatic P-450 Inhibitors (cimetidine, ketoconazole): May potentially increase recovery times associated with propofol (especially significant in cats).
- Fentanyl: Increased risk for bradycardia.
- Medetomidine: Hypoxemia may occur when propofol is used after medetomidine; dosage adjustments and adequate monitoring required.
- Metoclopramide: May reduce the propofol dose required for induction by 20-25%.
- Midazolam: Synergistic effects; midazolam plasma concentrations may be increased up to 20%.
- Opiates: May increase the serum concentrations of both the opiate and propofol if used together; markedly reduces propofol induction requirements.
- Opioids: Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the dose of propofol required for induction and maintenance
- Sedatives (e.g., alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines): Synergistic CNS depression; reduces propofol dose requirements
常見問題
丙泊酚用於寵物有甚麼用途？
丙泊酚是一種由獸醫師注射的速效麻醉劑，用於讓您的寵物在手術或小型處置期間入睡。 • 作用迅速： 它的起效非常快（通常在一分鐘內），並且在處置結束後會迅速消退，讓寵物能平穩且快速地甦醒。 • 安全性高： 它通常非常安全，即使對於患有輕微心臟、肝臟或腎臟疾病的寵物也是如此。在您的寵物入睡期間，獸醫團隊會密切監測其呼吸和心跳。 • 非止痛藥： 丙泊酚能讓寵物入睡，但沒有止痛效果。您的獸醫師會搭配其他藥物使用，以確保寵物感到舒適且無痛。 • 貓咪注意事項： 如果您的貓咪需要連續幾天進行麻醉，獸醫師可能會選擇其他藥物，因為貓咪代謝丙泊酚的速度比狗慢。
丙泊酚對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。