利多卡因
別名: Xylocaine, Xylocaine MPF, EMLA, Intubeaze, Lignadrin, Lignol, Locaine, Locovetic, Lidoderm
藥物類別: Antiarrhythmic (Class IB) / Local Anesthetic
利多卡因是一種強效藥物,通常僅在獸醫院內由專業的獸醫人員使用。 * **用途:** 主要用於矯正危及生命的心律不整,或在重大手術及創傷後提供持續的疼痛控制(通常與其他止痛藥物混合使用)。 * **監測:** 由於此藥物是直接透過靜脈注射進入血液,您的寵物將會接受密切的監測(通常包括心電圖和血壓測量),以確保劑量安全且有效。 * **副作用:** 如果出現副作用,通常較為輕微,且在調整藥物輸注速率後會迅速消退。如果您的寵物處於清醒狀態,請留意是否有嗜睡、肌肉顫抖或噁心等跡象。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Antiarrhythmic
- Antiarrhythmic
- Epidural
- Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
- Postoperative ileus
- Colic patients
- Immediate treatment of ventricular tachycardia
- Rapid conversion of life-threatening, incessant, unstable ventricular tachycardia
- Ventricular arrhythmias
- Analgesic agent (CRI)
- Analgesic agent (MLK mixture)
- Analgesic agent
- Analgesic agent
給藥方式
IVIMEpiduralTopicalRegional/Local InfiltrationPerineuralInfiltrationIntratesticular
可能的副作用
- CNS toxicity (dose-related): drowsiness, depression, ataxia, nystagmus, muscle tremors, seizures
- Gastrointestinal: nausea and vomiting (usually transient)
- Cardiovascular: hypotension (especially with rapid IV bolus), bradycardia, PR and QRS interval prolongation, circulatory collapse at toxic doses
- Cats: heightened risk of severe cardiodepression and CNS signs
- Depression
- Seizures
- Muscle fasciculations
- Vomiting
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Laryngeal oedema (in cats, associated with CFC propellants in unlicensed aerosols)
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to amide-class local anesthetics
- Severe SA, AV, or intraventricular heart block (unless artificially paced)
- Adams-Stokes syndrome
- Intravenous use of lidocaine products containing epinephrine
- Continuous rate infusion (CRI) in cats during the perioperative period (due to negative haemodynamic effects)
- Intravenous administration of lidocaine solutions containing adrenaline
- Use of adrenaline-containing solutions for complete ring block of an extremity (danger of ischaemic necrosis)
- Use with extreme caution in cats due to heightened sensitivity to CNS and cardiodepressant effects. Use cautiously in patients with liver disease, congestive heart failure, shock, hypovolemia, severe respiratory depression, or marked hypoxia. Patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia require intensified monitoring. NEVER administer lidocaine containing epinephrine intravenously.
藥物相互作用
- Gas Anesthetics (Isoflurane, Sevoflurane): Lidocaine infusions reduce MAC requirements. Additive cardiodepression may occur, especially in cats.
- Other Antiarrhythmics (Procainamide, Quinidine, Propranolol): May cause additive or antagonistic cardiac effects; enhanced risk of toxicity.
- Cimetidine: May decrease lidocaine clearance, increasing lidocaine levels and effects.
- Furosemide: Diuretic-induced hypokalemia may reduce the antiarrhythmic efficacy of lidocaine.
- Phenobarbital / Phenytoin: May induce hepatic enzymes, increasing lidocaine metabolism and decreasing its serum levels.
- Propranolol: May decrease hepatic blood flow and lidocaine clearance, increasing lidocaine levels.
- Succinylcholine: Large doses of lidocaine may prolong succinylcholine-induced apnea.
- Other antiarrhythmics: May cause increased myocardial depression
常見問題
利多卡因用於寵物有什麼用途?
利多卡因是一種強效藥物,通常僅在獸醫院內由專業的獸醫人員使用。 * **用途:** 主要用於矯正危及生命的心律不整,或在重大手術及創傷後提供持續的疼痛控制(通常與其他止痛藥物混合使用)。 * **監測:** 由於此藥物是直接透過靜脈注射進入血液,您的寵物將會接受密切的監測(通常包括心電圖和血壓測量),以確保劑量安全且有效。 * **副作用:** 如果出現副作用,通常較為輕微,且在調整藥物輸注速率後會迅速消退。如果您的寵物處於清醒狀態,請留意是否有嗜睡、肌肉顫抖或噁心等跡象。
利多卡因對我的寵物安全嗎?
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育,不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適,請諮詢獸醫。