左乙拉西坦

用途

• As an add-on to phenobarbital treatment for epilepsy
• As an adjunct to phenobarbital in suspected idiopathic epilepsy
• As an add-on treatment for epilepsy in dogs refractory to phenobarbital and bromides
• As an add-on treatment for epilepsy in dogs refractory to phenobarbital and/or bromides
• Seizure management
• Seizure management
• Seizure management
• Single-dose pharmacokinetic study
• For status epilepticus

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Sedation (most common in dogs)
• Lethargy (most common in cats)
• Decreased appetite (most common in cats)
• Behavior changes
• Gastrointestinal effects
• Sedation (dogs)
• Ataxia (dogs)
• Reduced appetite (cats)
• Hypersalivation (cats)
• Lethargy (cats)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to levetiracetam or any of its components
• Severe renal disease
• > **Renal Impairment:** Clearance is primarily renal (glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion). Dosage amounts or intervals must be adjusted in patients with decreased creatinine clearance. * **Pregnancy/Nursing:** FDA Category C. High doses in animal models showed embryofetal mortality and minor skeletal abnormalities. Excreted in maternal milk; use with caution in nursing patients. * **Withdrawal:** Abrupt discontinuation may precipitate withdrawal seizures; taper slowly if discontinuing.

藥物相互作用

• NSAIDs (naproxen, ketorolac): May increase the risk for seizures (reported in humans; veterinary significance unclear).
• Phenobarbital: Significantly increases levetiracetam clearance and reduces its half-life in dogs (from 3.43 hrs to 1.73 hrs); dosage adjustments may be required.

常見問題